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	<title>integrity &#8211; Noise</title>
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	<link>https://noise.getoto.net</link>
	<description>The collective thoughts of the interwebz</description>
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		<title>Agentic AI’s OODA Loop Problem</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/10/20/agentic-ais-ooda-loop-problem/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 2025 11:00:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LLM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=71030</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><b>The OODA loop—for observe, orient, decide, act—is a framework to understand decision-making in adversarial situations. We apply the same framework to artificial intelligence agents, who have to make their decisions with untrustworthy observations and orientation. To solve this problem, we need new systems of input, processing, and output integrity.</b></p>
<p>Many decades ago, U.S. Air Force Colonel John Boyd introduced the concept of the “OODA loop,” for Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act. These are the four steps of real-time continuous decision-making. Boyd developed it for fighter pilots, but it’s long been applied in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. An AI agent, like a pilot, executes the loop over and over, accomplishing its goals iteratively within an ever-changing environment. This is Anthropic’s definition: “Agents are models using tools in a loop.”...</p>]]></description>
		
		
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		<title>Apple’s New Memory Integrity Enforcement</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/09/23/apples-new-memory-integrity-enforcement/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Sep 2025 11:07:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Apple]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cybersecurity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hardware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vulnerabilities]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=70843</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Apple has introduced a new hardware/software security feature in the iPhone 17: “<a href="https://security.apple.com/blog/memory-integrity-enforcement/">Memory Integrity Enforcement</a>,” targeting the memory safety vulnerabilities that spyware products like Pegasus tend to use to get unauthorized system access. From <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/apple-iphone-17-memory-integrity-enforcement/"><i>Wired</i></a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>In recent years, a movement has been steadily growing across the global tech industry to address a ubiquitous and insidious type of bugs known as memory-safety vulnerabilities. A computer’s memory is a shared resource among all programs, and memory safety issues crop up when software can pull data that should be off limits from a computer’s memory or manipulate data in memory that shouldn’t be accessible to the program. When developers—­even experienced and security-conscious developers—­write software in ubiquitous, historic programming languages, like C and C++, it’s easy to make mistakes that lead to memory safety vulnerabilities. That’s why proactive tools like ...</p></blockquote>]]></description>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>AI Agents Need Data Integrity</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/08/22/ai-agents-need-data-integrity/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2025 11:04:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trust]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=70614</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Think of the Web as a digital territory with its own social contract. In 2014, <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-fathers-of-the-internet-revolution-urge-todays-pioneers-to-reinvent-the-web">Tim Berners-Lee</a> called for a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/12/online-magna-carta-berners-lee-web">“Magna Carta for the Web”</a> to restore the balance of power between individuals and institutions. This mirrors the original charter’s purpose: ensuring that those who occupy a territory have a meaningful stake in its governance.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web3">Web 3.0</a>—the distributed, <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/tag/decentralized-web">decentralized Web</a> of tomorrow—is finally poised to change the Internet’s dynamic by returning ownership to data creators. This will change many things about what’s often described as the “CIA triad” of ...</p>]]></description>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>Subverting AIOps Systems Through Poisoned Input Data</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/08/20/subverting-aiops-systems-through-poisoned-input-data/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2025 11:02:27 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[academic papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cyberattack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LLM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=70601</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In this input integrity attack against an AI system, researchers were able to <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/12/ai_models_can_be_tricked">fool</a> AIOps tools:</p>
<blockquote><p>AIOps refers to the use of LLM-based agents to gather and analyze application telemetry, including system logs, performance metrics, traces, and alerts, to detect problems and then suggest or carry out corrective actions. The likes of <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2025/06/10/cisco_live_cloud_control_news/">Cisco</a> have deployed AIops in a conversational interface that admins can use to prompt for information about system performance. Some AIOps tools can respond to such queries by automatically implementing fixes, or suggesting scripts that can address issues...</p></blockquote>]]></description>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>LLM Coding Integrity Breach</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/08/14/llm-coding-integrity-breach/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2025 11:08:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LLM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=70587</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://sketch.dev/blog/our-first-outage-from-llm-written-code">Here’s</a> an interesting story about a failure being introduced by LLM-written code. Specifically, the LLM was doing some code refactoring, and when it moved a chunk of code from one file to another it changed a “break” to a “continue.” That turned an error logging statement into an infinite loop, which crashed the system.</p>
<p>This is an <a href="https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/sp/2025/03/11038984/27COaJtjDOM">integrity failure</a>. Specifically, it’s a failure of processing integrity. And while we can think of particular patches that alleviate this exact failure, the larger problem is much harder to solve.</p>
<p>Davi Ottenheimer ...</p>]]></description>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>Subliminal Learning in AIs</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/07/25/subliminal-learning-in-ais/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2025 11:10:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[academic papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LLM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trust]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=70510</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Today’s freaky <a href="https://alignment.anthropic.com/2025/subliminal-learning/">LLM behavior</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>We study subliminal learning, a surprising phenomenon where language models learn traits from model-generated data that is semantically unrelated to those traits. For example, a “student” model learns to prefer owls when trained on sequences of numbers generated by a “teacher” model that prefers owls. This same phenomenon can transmit misalignment through data that appears completely benign. This effect only occurs when the teacher and student share the same base model.</p></blockquote>
<p>Interesting security implications.</p>
<p>I am more convinced than ever that we need serious research into ...</p>]]></description>
		
		
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How the Solid Protocol Restores Digital Agency</title>
		<link>https://noise.getoto.net/2025/07/24/how-solid-protocol-restores-digital-agency/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bruce Schneier]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2025 11:04:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Data Breaches]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data privacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[identification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Privacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.schneier.com/?p=70503</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The current state of digital identity is a mess. Your personal information is scattered across hundreds of locations: social media companies, IoT companies, government agencies, websites you have accounts on, and data brokers you’ve never heard of. These entities collect, store, and trade your data, often without your knowledge or consent. It’s both redundant and inconsistent. You have hundreds, maybe thousands, of fragmented digital profiles that often contain contradictory or logically impossible information. Each serves its own purpose, yet there is no central override and control to serve you—as the identity owner...</p>]]></description>
		
		
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