Post Syndicated from original https://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/56663.html
Back in 2005 we had Debconf in Helsinki. Earlier in the year I’d ended up invited to Canonical’s Ubuntu Down Under event in Sydney, and one of the things we’d tried to design was a reasonable graphical boot environment that could also display status messages. The design constraints were awkward – we wanted it to be entirely in userland (so we didn’t need to carry kernel patches), and we didn’t want to rely on vesafb[1] (because at the time we needed to reinitialise graphics hardware from userland on suspend/resume[2], and vesa was not super compatible with that). Nothing currently met our requirements, but by the time we’d got to Helsinki there was a general understanding that Paul Sladen was going to implement this.
The Helsinki Debconf ended being an extremely strange event, involving me having to explain to Mark Shuttleworth what the physics of a bomb exploding on a bus were, many people being traumatised by the whole sauna situation, and the whole unfortunate water balloon incident, but it also involved Sladen spending a bunch of time trying to produce an SVG of a London bus as a D-Bus logo and not really writing our hypothetical userland bootsplash program, so on the last night, fueled by Koff that we’d bought by just collecting all the discarded empty bottles and returning them for the deposits, I started writing one.
I knew that Debian was already using graphics mode for installation despite having a textual installer, because they needed to deal with more complex fonts than VGA could manage. Digging into the code, I found that it used BOGL – a graphics library that made use of the VGA framebuffer to draw things. VGA had a pre-allocated memory range for the framebuffer[3], which meant the firmware probably wouldn’t map anything else there any hitting those addresses probably wouldn’t break anything. This seemed safe.
A few hours later, I had some code that could use BOGL to print status messages to the screen of a machine booted with vga16fb. I woke up some time later, somehow found myself in an airport, and while sitting at the departure gate[4] I spent a while staring at VGA documentation and worked out which magical calls I needed to make to have it behave roughly like a linear framebuffer. Shortly before I got on my flight back to the UK, I had something that could also draw a graphical picture.
Usplash shipped shortly afterwards. We hit various issues – vga16fb produced a 640×480 mode, and some laptops were not inclined to do that without a BIOS call first. 640×400 worked basically everywhere, but meant we had to redraw the art because circles don’t work the same way if you change the resolution. My brief “UBUNTU BETA” artwork that was me literally writing “UBUNTU BETA” on an HP TC1100 shortly after I’d got the Wacom screen working did not go down well, and thankfully we had better artwork before release.
But 16 colours is somewhat limiting. SVGALib offered a way to get more colours and better resolution in userland, retaining our prerequisites. Unfortunately it relied on VM86, which doesn’t exist in 64-bit mode on Intel systems. I ended up hacking the X.org x86emu into a thunk library that exposed the same API as LRMI, so we could run it without needing VM86. Shockingly, it worked – we had support for 256 colour bootsplashes in any supported resolution on 64 bit systems as well as 32 bit ones.
But by now it was obvious that the future was having the kernel manage graphics support, both in terms of native programming and in supporting suspend/resume. Plymouth is much more fully featured than Usplash ever was, but relies on functionality that simply didn’t exist when we started this adventure. There’s certainly an argument that we’d have been better off making reasonable kernel modesetting support happen faster, but at this point I had literally no idea how to write decent kernel code and everyone should be happy I kept this to userland.
Anyway. The moral of all of this is that sometimes history works out such that you write some software that a huge number of people run without any idea of who you are, and also that this can happen without you having any fucking idea what you’re doing.
Write code. Do crimes.
[1] vesafb relied on either the bootloader or the early stage kernel performing a VBE call to set a mode, and then just drawing directly into that framebuffer. When we were doing GPU reinitialisation in userland we couldn’t guarantee that we’d run before the kernel tried to draw stuff into that framebuffer, and there was a risk that that was mapped to something dangerous if the GPU hadn’t been reprogrammed into the same state. It turns out that having GPU modesetting in the kernel is a Good Thing.
[2] ACPI didn’t guarantee that the firmware would reinitialise the graphics hardware, and as a result most machines didn’t. At this point Linux didn’t have native support for initialising most graphics hardware, so we fell back to doing it from userland. VBEtool was a terrible hack I wrote to try to re-execute the system’s graphics hardware through a range of mechanisms, and it worked in a surprising number of cases.
[3] As long as you were willing to deal with 640×480 in 16 colours
[4] Helsinki-Vantaan had astonishingly comfortable seating for time
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