All posts by Shoukat Ghouse

Hybrid big data analytics with Amazon EMR on AWS Outposts

Post Syndicated from Shoukat Ghouse original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/hybrid-big-data-analytics-with-amazon-emr-on-aws-outposts/

Businesses require powerful and flexible tools to manage and analyze vast amounts of information. Amazon EMR has long been the leading solution for processing big data in the cloud. Amazon EMR is the industry-leading big data solution for petabyte-scale data processing, interactive analytics, and machine learning using over 20 open source frameworks such as Apache Hadoop, Hive, and Apache Spark. However, data residency requirements, latency issues, and hybrid architecture needs often challenge purely cloud-based solutions.

Enter Amazon EMR on AWS Outposts—a groundbreaking extension that brings the power of Amazon EMR directly to your on-premises environments. This innovative service merges the scalability, performance (the Amazon EMR runtime for Apache Spark is 4.5 times more performant than Apache Spark 3.5.1), and ease of Amazon EMR with the control and proximity of your data center, empowering enterprises to meet stringent regulatory and operational requirements while unlocking new data processing possibilities.

In this post, we dive into the transformative features of EMR on Outposts, showcasing its flexibility as a native hybrid data analytics service that allows seamless data access and processing both on premises and in the cloud. We also explore how it integrates smoothly with your existing IT infrastructure, providing the flexibility to keep your data where it best fits your needs while performing computations entirely on premises. We examine a hybrid setup where sensitive data remains locally in Amazon S3 on Outposts and public data in an AWS Regional Amazon Simple Storage Service bucket. This configuration allows you to augment your sensitive on-premises data with cloud data while making sure all data processing and compute runs on-premises in AWS Outposts Racks.

Solution overview

Consider a fictional company named Oktank Finance. Oktank aims to build a centralized data lake to store vast amounts of structured and unstructured data, enabling unified access and supporting advanced analytics and big data processing for data-driven insights and innovation. Additionally, Oktank must comply with data residency requirements, making sure that confidential data is stored and processed strictly on premises. Oktank also needs to enrich their datasets with non-confidential and public market data stored in the cloud on Amazon S3, which means they should be able to join datasets across their on-premises and cloud data stores.

Traditionally, Oktank’s big data platforms tightly coupled compute and storage resources, creating an inflexible system where decommissioning compute nodes could lead to data loss. To avoid this situation, Oktank aims to decouple compute from storage, allowing them to scale down compute nodes and repurpose them for other workloads without compromising data integrity and accessibility.

To meet these requirements, Oktank decides to adopt Amazon EMR on Outposts as their big data analytics platform and Amazon S3 on Outposts as their on-premises data store for their data lake. With EMR on Outposts, Oktank can make sure that all compute occurs on premises within their Outposts rack while still being able to query and join the public data stored in Amazon S3 with their confidential data stored in S3 on Outposts, using the same unified data APIs. For data processing, Oktank can choose from a wide variety of applications available on Amazon EMR. In this post, we use Spark as the data processing framework.

This approach makes sure that all data processing and analytics are performed locally within their on-premises environment, allowing Oktank to maintain compliance with data privacy and regulatory requirements. Simultaneously, by avoiding the need to replicate public data to their on-premises data centers, Oktank reduces storage costs and simplifies their end-to-end data pipelines by eliminating additional data movement jobs.

The following diagram illustrates the high-level solution architecture.

As explained earlier, the S3 on Outposts bucket in the architecture holds Oktank’s sensitive data, which stays on the Outpost in Oktank’s data center while the Regional S3 bucket holds the non-sensitive data.

In this post, to achieve high network performance from the Outpost to the Regional S3 bucket and vice-versa, we also use AWS Direct Connect with a virtual private gateway. This is especially beneficial when you need higher query throughput to the Regional S3 bucket by making sure the traffic is routed through your own dedicated network channel to AWS.

The solution involves deploying an EMR cluster on an Outposts rack. A service link connects AWS Outposts to a Region. The service link is a necessary connection between your Outposts and the Region (or home Region). It allows for the management of the Outposts and the exchange of traffic to and from the Region.

You can also access Regional S3 buckets using this service link. However, in this post, we employ an alternate option to enable the EMR cluster to privately access the Regional S3 bucket through the local gateway. This helps optimize data access from the Regional S3 bucket as traffic is routed through Direct Connect.

To enable the EMR cluster to access Amazon S3 privately over Direct Connect, a route is configured in the Outposts subnet (marked as 2 in the architecture diagram) to direct Amazon S3 traffic through the local gateway. Upon reaching the local gateway, the traffic is routed over Direct Connect (private virtual interface) to a virtual private gateway in the Region. The second VPC (5 in diagram), which includes the S3 interface endpoint, is connected to this virtual private gateway. A route is then added to make sure that traffic can return to the EMR cluster. This setup provides more efficient, higher-bandwidth communication between the EMR cluster and Regional S3 buckets.

For big data processing, we use Amazon EMR. Amazon EMR supports access to local S3 on Outposts with the Apache Hadoop S3A connector from Amazon EMR version 7.0.0 onwards. EMR File System (EMRFS) with S3 on Outposts is not supported. We use EMR Studio notebooks for running interactive queries on the data. We also submit Spark jobs as a step on the EMR cluster. We also use the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the external Hive compatible metastore, which serves as the central technical metadata catalog. The Data Catalog is a centralized metadata repository for all your data assets across various data sources. It provides a unified interface to store and query information about data formats, schemas, and sources. Additionally, we use AWS Lake Formation for access controls on the AWS Glue table. You still need to control the raw files access on the S3 on Outposts bucket with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions in this architecture. At the time of writing, Lake Formation can’t directly manage access to data on the S3 on Outposts bucket. Access to the actual data files stored in the S3 on Outposts bucket is managed with IAM permissions.

In the following sections, you will implement this architecture for Oktank. We focus on a specific use case for Oktank Finance, where they maintain sensitive customer stockholding data in a local S3 on Outposts bucket. Additionally, they have publicly available stock details stored in a Regional S3 bucket. Their goal is to explore both the datasets within their on-premises Outpost setup. Additionally, they need to enrich the customer stock holdings data by combining it with the publicly available stock details data.

First, we explore how to access both datasets using an EMR cluster. Then, we demonstrate the process of performing joins between the local and public data. We also demonstrate how to use Lake Formation to effectively manage permissions for these tables. We explore two primary scenarios throughout this walkthrough. In the interactive use case, we demonstrate how users can connect to the EMR cluster and run queries interactively using EMR Studio notebooks. This approach allows for real-time data exploration and analysis. Additionally, we show you how to submit batch jobs to Amazon EMR using EMR steps for automated, scheduled data processing. This method is ideal for recurring tasks or large-scale data transformations.

Prerequisites

Complete the following prerequisite steps:

  1. Have an AWS account and a role with administrator access. If you don’t have an account, you can create one.
  2. Have an Outposts rack installed and running.
  3. Create an EC2 key pair. This allows you to connect to the EMR cluster nodes even if Regional connectivity is lost.
  4. Set up Direct Connect. This is required only if you want to deploy the second AWS CloudFormation template as explained in the following section.

Deploy the CloudFormation stacks

In this post, we’ve divided the setup into four CloudFormation templates, each responsible for provisioning a specific component of the architecture. The templates come with default parameters, which you may need to adjust based on your specific configuration requirements.

Stack1 provisions the network infrastructure on Outposts. It also creates the S3 on Outposts bucket and Regional S3 bucket. It copies the sample data to the buckets to simulate the data setup for Oktank. Confidential data for customer stock holdings is copied to the S3 on Outposts bucket, and non-confidential data for stock details is copied to the Regional S3 bucket.

Stack2 provisions the infrastructure to connect to the Regional S3 bucket privately using Direct Connect. It establishes a VPC with private connectivity to both the regional S3 bucket and the Outposts subnet. It also creates an Amazon S3 VPC interface endpoint to allow private access to Amazon S3. It establishes a virtual private gateway for connectivity between the VPC and Outposts subnet. Lastly, it configures a private Amazon Route 53 hosted zone for Amazon S3, enabling private DNS resolution for S3 endpoints within the VPC. You can skip deploying this stack if you don’t need to route traffic using Direct Connect.

Stack3 provisions the EMR cluster infrastructure, AWS Glue database, and AWS Glue tables. The stack creates an AWS Glue database named oktank_outpostblog_temp and three tables under it: stock_details, stockholdings_info, and stockholdings_info_detailed. The table stock_details contains public information for the stocks, and the data location of this table points to the Regional S3 bucket. The tables stockholdings_info and stockholdings_info_detailed contain confidential information, and their data location is in the S3 on Outposts bucket. It also creates a runtime role named outpostblog-runtimeRole1. A runtime role is an IAM role that you associate with an EMR step, and jobs use this role to access AWS resources. With runtime roles for EMR steps, you can specify different IAM roles for the Spark and the Hive jobs, thereby scoping down access at a job level. This allows you to simplify access controls on a single EMR cluster that is shared between multiple tenants, wherein each tenant can be isolated using IAM roles. This stack also grants the required permissions on the runtime role to grant access on the Regional S3 bucket and the S3 on Outposts bucket. The EMR cluster uses a bootstrap action that runs a script to copy sample data to the S3 on Outposts bucket and the Regional S3 bucket for the two tables.

Stack4 provisions the EMR Studio. We will connect to EMR Studio notebook and interact with the data stored across S3 on Outposts and the Regional S3 bucket. This stack outputs the EMR Studio URL, which you can use to connect to EMR Studio.

Run the preceding CloudFormation stacks in sequence with an admin role to create the solution resources.

Access the data and join tables

To verify the solution, complete the following steps:

  1. On the AWS CloudFormation console, navigate to the Outputs tab of Stack4, which deployed the EMR Studio, and choose the EMR Studio URL.

This will open EMR Studio in a new window.

  1. Create a workspace and use the default options.

The workspace will launch in a new tab.

  1. Connect to the EMR cluster using the runtime role (outpostblog-runtimeRole1).

You are now connected to the EMR cluster.

  1. Choose the File Browser tab and open the notebook while choosing the kernel as PySpark.
    File browser tab
  2. Run the following query in the notebook to read from the stock details table. This table points to public data stored in the Regional S3 bucket.
    spark.sql("select * from oktank_outpostblog_temp.stock_details").show(5)

    Public data stored

  3. Run the following query to read from the confidential data stored in the local S3 on Outposts bucket:
    spark.sql("select * from oktank_outpostblog_temp.stockholdings_info").show(5)

    Confidential data

As highlighted earlier, one of the requirements for Oktank is to enrich the preceding data with data from the Regional S3 bucket.

  1. Run the following query to join the preceding two tables:
    spark.sql("select customerid,sharesheld,purchasedate, a.stockid, b.stockname,b.category,b.currentprice from oktank_outpostblog_temp.stockholdings_info a inner join oktank_outpostblog_temp.stock_details b on a.stockid=b.stockid order by customerid").show(10)

    S3 on Outposts

Control access to tables using Lake Formation

In this post, we also showcase how you can control access to the tables using Lake Formation. To demonstrate, let’s block access to RuntimeRole1 on the stockholdings_info table.

  1. On the Lake Formation console, choose Tables in the navigation pane.
  2. Select the table stockholdings_info and on the Actions menu, choose View to view the current access permissions on this table.
    AWS Lake Formation
  3. Select IAMAllowedPrincipals from the list of principals and choose Revoke to revoke the permission.
    Revoke permissions
  4. Go back to the EMR Studio notebook and rerun the earlier query.
    Data access query fails

Oktank’s data access query fails because Lake Formation has denied permission to the runtime role; you will need to adjust the permissions.

  1. To resolve this issue, return to the Lake Formation console, select the stockholdings_info table, and on the Actions menu, choose Grant.
  2. Assign the necessary permissions to the runtime role to make sure it can access the table.
    Grant permission
  3. Select IAM users and roles and choose the runtime role (outpostblog-runtimeRole1).
    Grant data lake permissions
  4. Choose the table stockholdings_info from the list of tables and for Table permissions, select Select.
    Table permissions
  5. Select All data access and choose Grant.
    Data permissions
  6. Go back to the notebook and rerun the query.
    Rerun the query

The query now succeeds because we granted access to the runtime role connected to the EMR cluster through the EMR Studio notebook. This demonstrates how Lake Formation allows you to manage permissions on your Data Catalog tables.

The previous steps only restrict access to the table in the catalog, not to the actual data files stored in the S3 on Outposts bucket. To control access to these data files, you need to use IAM permissions. As mentioned earlier, Stack3 in this post handles the IAM permissions for the data. For access control on the Regional S3 bucket with Lake Formation, you don’t need to specifically provide IAM permissions on the specific S3 bucket to the roles. Lake Formation manages the Regional S3 bucket access controls for runtime roles. Refer to Introducing runtime roles for Amazon EMR steps: Use IAM roles and AWS Lake Formation for access control with Amazon EMR for detailed guidance on managing access to a Regional S3 bucket with Lake Formation and EMR runtime roles.

Submit a batch job

Next, let’s submit a batch job as an EMR step on the EMR cluster. Before we do that, let’s confirm there is currently no data in the table stockholdings_info_detailed. Run the following query in the notebook:

spark.sql("select * from oktank_outpostblog_temp.stockholdings_info_detailed").show(10)

Submit a batch job
You will not see any data in this table. You can now detach the notebook from the cluster.
You will now insert data in this table using a batch job submitted as an EMR step.

  1. On the EMR console, navigate to the cluster EMROutpostBlog and submit a step.
  2. Choose Spark Application for Type.
  3. Select the py script from the scripts folder in your S3 bucket created by the CloudFormation template.
  4. For Permissions, choose the runtime role (outpostblog-RuntimeRole1).
  5. Choose Add step to submit the job.

Wait for the job to complete. The job inserted data into the stockholdings_info_detailed table. You can rerun the earlier query in the notebook to verify the data:

spark.sql("select * from oktank_outpostblog_temp.stockholdings_info_detailed").show(10)

Verify the data

Clean up

To avoid incurring further charges, delete the CloudFormation stacks.

  1. Before deleting Stack4, run the following shell command (with the %%sh magic command) in the EMR Studio notebook to delete the objects from the S3 on Outposts bucket:
    aws s3api delete-objects --bucket <replace with value of key S3OutpostBucketAccessPointAlias1 from stack 3 output> --delete "$(aws s3api list-object-versions --bucket <replace with value of key S3OutpostBucketAccessPointAlias1 from stack 3 output> --output=json | jq '{Objects: [.Versions[]|{Key:.Key,VersionId:.VersionId}], Quiet: true}')"

    Delete the objects from the S3 on Outposts bucket

  2. Next, manually delete the EMR workspace from the EMR Studio.
  3. You can now delete the stacks, starting with Stack4, Stack3, Stack2, and finally Stack1.

Conclusion

In this post, we demonstrated how to use Amazon EMR on Outposts as a managed big data processing service in your on-premises setup. We explored how you can set up the cluster to access data stored in an S3 on Outposts bucket on premises and also efficiently access data in the Regional S3 bucket with private networking. We also explored Glue Data Catalog as a serverless external Hive metastore and managed access control to the catalog tables using Lake Formation. We accessed the data interactively using EMR Studio notebooks and processed it as a batch job using EMR steps.

To learn more, visit Amazon EMR on AWS Outposts.

For further reading, refer to the following resources:


About the Authors

Shoukat Ghouse is a Senior Big Data Specialist Solutions Architect at AWS. He helps customers around the world build robust, efficient and scalable data platforms on AWS leveraging AWS analytics services like AWS Glue, AWS Lake Formation, Amazon Athena and Amazon EMR.

Fernando Galves is an Outpost Solutions Architect at AWS, specializing in networking, security, and hybrid cloud architectures. He helps customers design and implement secure hybrid environments using AWS Outposts, focusing on complex networking solutions and seamless integration between on-premises and cloud infrastructure.

Simplify data lake access control for your enterprise users with trusted identity propagation in AWS IAM Identity Center, AWS Lake Formation, and Amazon S3 Access Grants

Post Syndicated from Shoukat Ghouse original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/simplify-data-lake-access-control-for-your-enterprise-users-with-trusted-identity-propagation-in-aws-iam-identity-center-aws-lake-formation-and-amazon-s3-access-grants/

Many organizations use external identity providers (IdPs) such as Okta or Microsoft Azure Active Directory to manage their enterprise user identities. These users interact with and run analytical queries across AWS analytics services. To enable them to use the AWS services, their identities from the external IdP are mapped to AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles within AWS, and access policies are applied to these IAM roles by data administrators.

Given the diverse range of services involved, different IAM roles may be required for accessing the data. Consequently, administrators need to manage permissions across multiple roles, a task that can become cumbersome at scale.

To address this challenge, you need a unified solution to simplify data access management using your corporate user identities instead of relying solely on IAM roles. AWS IAM Identity Center offers a solution through its trusted identity propagation feature, which is built upon the OAuth 2.0 authorization framework.

With trusted identity propagation, data access management is anchored to a user’s identity, which can be synchronized to IAM Identity Center from external IdPs using the System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) protocol. Integrated applications exchange OAuth tokens, and these tokens are propagated across services. This approach empowers administrators to grant access directly based on existing user and group memberships federated from external IdPs, rather than relying on IAM users or roles.

In this post, we showcase the seamless integration of AWS analytics services with trusted identity propagation by presenting an end-to-end architecture for data access flows.

Solution overview

Let’s consider a fictional company, OkTank. OkTank has multiple user personas that use a variety of AWS Analytics services. The user identities are managed externally in an external IdP: Okta. User1 is a Data Analyst and uses the Amazon Athena query editor to query AWS Glue Data Catalog tables with data stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). User2 is a Data Engineer and uses Amazon EMR Studio notebooks to query Data Catalog tables and also query raw data stored in Amazon S3 that is not yet cataloged to the Data Catalog. User3 is a Business Analyst who needs to query data stored in Amazon Redshift tables using the Amazon Redshift Query Editor v2. Additionally, this user builds Amazon QuickSight visualizations for the data in Redshift tables.

OkTank wants to simplify governance by centralizing data access control for their variety of data sources, user identities, and tools. They also want to define permissions directly on their corporate user or group identities from Okta instead of creating IAM roles for each user and group and managing access on the IAM role. In addition, for their audit requirements, they need the capability to map data access to the corporate identity of users within Okta for enhanced tracking and accountability.

To achieve these goals, we use trusted identity propagation with the aforementioned services and use AWS Lake Formation and Amazon S3 Access Grants for access controls. We use Lake Formation to centrally manage permissions to the Data Catalog tables and Redshift tables shared with Redshift datashares. In our scenario, we use S3 Access Grants for granting permission for the Athena query result location. Additionally, we show how to access a raw data bucket governed by S3 Access Grants with an EMR notebook.

Data access is audited with AWS CloudTrail and can be queried with AWS CloudTrail Lake. This architecture showcases the versatility and effectiveness of AWS analytics services in enabling efficient and secure data analysis workflows across different use cases and user personas.

We use Okta as the external IdP, but you can also use other IdPs like Microsoft Azure Active Directory. Users and groups from Okta are synced to IAM Identity Center. In this post, we have three groups, as shown in the following diagram.

User1 needs to query a Data Catalog table with data stored in Amazon S3. The S3 location is secured and managed by Lake Formation. The user connects to an IAM Identity Center enabled Athena workgroup using the Athena query editor with EMR Studio. The IAM Identity Center enabled Athena workgroups need to be secured with S3 Access Grants permissions for the Athena query results location. With this feature, you can also enable the creation of identity-based query result locations that are governed by S3 Access Grants. These user identity-based S3 prefixes let users in an Athena workgroup keep their query results isolated from other users in the same workgroup. The following diagram illustrates this architecture.

User2 needs to query the same Data Catalog table as User1. This table is governed using Lake Formation permissions. Additionally, the user needs to access raw data in another S3 bucket that isn’t cataloged to the Data Catalog and is controlled using S3 Access Grants; in the following diagram, this is shown as S3 Data Location-2.

The user uses an EMR Studio notebook to run Spark queries on an EMR cluster. The EMR cluster uses a security configuration that integrates with IAM Identity Center for authentication and uses Lake Formation for authorization. The EMR cluster is also enabled for S3 Access Grants. With this kind of hybrid access management, you can use Lake Formation to centrally manage permissions for your datasets cataloged to the Data Catalog and use S3 Access Grants to centrally manage access to your raw data that is not yet cataloged to the Data Catalog. This gives you flexibility to access data managed by either of the access control mechanisms from the same notebook.

User3 uses the Redshift Query Editor V2 to query a Redshift table. The user also accesses the same table with QuickSight. For our demo, we use a single user persona for simplicity, but in reality, these could be completely different user personas. To enable access control with Lake Formation for Redshift tables, we use data sharing in Lake Formation.

Data access requests by the specific users are logged to CloudTrail. Later in this post, we also briefly touch upon using CloudTrail Lake to query the data access events.

In the following sections, we demonstrate how to build this architecture. We use AWS CloudFormation to provision the resources. AWS CloudFormation lets you model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party resources by treating infrastructure as code. We also use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) and AWS Management Console to complete some steps.

The following diagram shows the end-to-end architecture.

Prerequisites

Complete the following prerequisite steps:

  1. Have an AWS account. If you don’t have an account, you can create one.
  2. Have IAM Identity Center set up in a specific AWS Region.
  3. Make sure you use the same Region where you have IAM Identity Center set up throughout the setup and verification steps. In this post, we use the us-east-1 Region.
  4. Have Okta set up with three different groups and users, and enable sync to IAM Identity Center. Refer to Configure SAML and SCIM with Okta and IAM Identity Center for instructions.

After the Okta groups are pushed to IAM Identity Center, you can see the users and groups on the IAM Identity Center console, as shown in the following screenshot. You need the group IDs of the three groups to be passed in the CloudFormation template.

  1. For enabling User2 access using the EMR cluster, you need have an SSL certificate .zip file available in your S3 bucket. You can download the following sample certificate to use in this post. In production use cases, you should create and use your own certificates. You need to reference the bucket name and the certificate bundle .zip file in AWS CloudFormation. The CloudFormation template lets you choose the components you want to provision. If you do not intend to deploy the EMR cluster, you can ignore this step.
  2. Have an administrator user or role to run the CloudFormation stack. The user or role should also be a Lake Formation administrator to grant permissions.

Deploy the CloudFormation stack

The CloudFormation template provided in the post lets you choose the components you want to provision from the solution architecture. In this post, we enable all components, as shown in the following screenshot.

Run the provided CloudFormation stack to create the solution resources. Refer to the following table for a list of important parameters.

Parameter Group Description Parameter Name Expected Value
Choose components to provision. Choose the components you want to be provisioned. DeployAthenaFlow Yes/No. If you choose No, you can ignore the parameters in the “Athena Configuration” group.
DeployEMRFlow Yes/No. If you choose No, you can ignore the parameters in the “EMR Configuration” group.
DeployRedshiftQEV2Flow Yes/No. If you choose No, you can ignore the parameters in the “Redshift Configuration” group.
CreateS3AGInstance Yes/No. If you already have an S3 Access Grants instance, choose No. Otherwise, choose Yes to allow the stack create a new S3 Access Grants instance. The S3 Access Grants instance is needed for User1 and User2.
Identity Center Configuration IAM Identity Center parameters. IDCGroup1Id Group ID corresponding to Group1 from IAM Identity Center.
IDCGroup2Id Group ID corresponding to Group2 from IAM Identity Center.
IDCGroup3Id Group ID corresponding to Group3 from IAM Identity Center.
IAMIDCInstanceArn IAM Identity Center instance ARN. You can get this from the Settings section of IAM Identity Center.
Redshift Configuration

Redshift parameters.

Ignore if you chose DeployRedshiftQEV2Flow as No.

RedshiftServerlessAdminUserName Redshift admin user name.
RedshiftServerlessAdminPassword Redshift admin password.
RedshiftServerlessDatabase Redshift database to create the tables.
EMR Configuration

EMR parameters.

Ignore if you chose parameter DeployEMRFlow as No.

SSlCertsS3BucketName Bucket name where you copied the SSL certificates.
SSlCertsZip Name of SSL certificates file (my-certs.zip) to use the sample certificate provided in the post.
Athena Configuration

Athena parameters.

Ignore if you chose parameter DeployAthenaFlow as No.

IDCUser1Id User ID corresponding to User1 from IAM Identity Center.

The CloudFormation stack provisions the following resources:

  • A VPC with a public and private subnet.
  • If you chose the Redshift components, it also creates three additional subnets.
  • S3 buckets for data and Athena query results location storage. It also copies some sample data to the buckets.
  • EMR Studio with IAM Identity Center integration.
  • Amazon EMR security configuration with IAM Identity Center integration.
  • An EMR cluster that uses the EMR security group.
  • Registers the source S3 bucket with Lake Formation.
  • An AWS Glue database named oktank_tipblog_temp and a table named customer under the database. The table points to the Amazon S3 location governed by Lake Formation.
  • Allows external engines to access data in Amazon S3 locations with full table access. This is required for Amazon EMR integration with Lake Formation for trusted identity propagation. As of this writing, Amazon EMR supports table-level access with IAM Identity Center enabled clusters.
  • An S3 Access Grants instance.
  • S3 Access Grants for Group1 to the User1 prefix under the Athena query results location bucket.
  • S3 Access Grants for Group2 to the S3 bucket input and output prefixes. The user has read access to the input prefix and write access to the output prefix under the bucket.
  • An Amazon Redshift Serverless namespace and workgroup. This workgroup is not integrated with IAM Identity Center; we complete subsequent steps to enable IAM Identity Center for the workgroup.
  • An AWS Cloud9 integrated development environment (IDE), which we use to run AWS CLI commands during the setup.

Note the stack outputs on the AWS CloudFormation console. You use these values in later steps.

Choose the link for Cloud9URL in the stack output to open the AWS Cloud9 IDE. In AWS Cloud9, go to the Window tab and choose New Terminal to start a new bash terminal.

Set up Lake Formation

You need to enable Lake Formation with IAM Identity Center and enable an EMR application with Lake Formation integration. Complete the following steps:

  1. In the AWS Cloud9 bash terminal, enter the following command to get the Amazon EMR security configuration created by the stack:
aws emr describe-security-configuration --name TIP-EMRSecurityConfig | jq -r '.SecurityConfiguration | fromjson | .AuthenticationConfiguration.IdentityCenterConfiguration.IdCApplicationARN'
  1. Note the value for IdcApplicationARN from the output.
  2. Enter the following command in AWS Cloud9 to enable the Lake Formation integration with IAM Identity Center and add the Amazon EMR security configuration application as a trusted application in Lake Formation. If you already have the IAM Identity Center integration with Lake Formation, sign in to Lake Formation and add the preceding value to the list of applications instead of running the following command and proceed to next step.
aws lakeformation create-lake-formation-identity-center-configuration --catalog-id <Replace with CatalogId value from Cloudformation output> --instance-arn <Replace with IDCInstanceARN value from CloudFormation stack output> --external-filtering Status=ENABLED,AuthorizedTargets=<Replace with IdcApplicationARN value copied in previous step>

After this step, you should see the application on the Lake Formation console.

This completes the initial setup. In subsequent steps, we apply some additional configurations for specific user personas.

Validate user personas

To review the S3 Access Grants created by AWS CloudFormation, open the Amazon S3 console and Access Grants in the navigation pane. Choose the access grant you created to view its details.

The CloudFormation stack created the S3 Access Grants for Group1 for the User1 prefix under the Athena query results location bucket. This allows User1 to access the prefix under in the query results bucket. The stack also created the grants for Group2 for User2 to access the raw data bucket input and output prefixes.

Set up User1 access

Complete the steps in this section to set up User1 access.

Create an IAM Identity Center enabled Athena workgroup

Let’s create the Athena workgroup that will be used by User1.

Enter the following command in the AWS Cloud9 terminal. The command creates an IAM Identity Center integrated Athena workgroup and enables S3 Access Grants for the user-level prefix. These user identity-based S3 prefixes let users in an Athena workgroup keep their query results isolated from other users in the same workgroup. The prefix is automatically created by Athena when the CreateUserLevelPrefix option is enabled. Access to the prefix was granted by the CloudFormation stack.

aws athena create-work-group --cli-input-json '{
"Name": "AthenaIDCWG",
"Configuration": {
"ResultConfiguration": {
"OutputLocation": "<Replace with AthenaResultLocation from CloudFormation stack>"
},
"ExecutionRole": "<Replace with TIPStudioRoleArn from CloudFormation stack>",
"IdentityCenterConfiguration": {
"EnableIdentityCenter": true,
"IdentityCenterInstanceArn": "<Replace with IDCInstanceARN from CloudFormation stack>"
},
"QueryResultsS3AccessGrantsConfiguration": {
"EnableS3AccessGrants": true,
"CreateUserLevelPrefix": true,
"AuthenticationType": "DIRECTORY_IDENTITY"
},
"EnforceWorkGroupConfiguration":true
},
"Description": "Athena Workgroup with IDC integration"
}'

Grant access to User1 on the Athena workgroup

Sign in to the Athena console and grant access to Group1 to the workgroup as shown in the following screenshot. You can grant access to the user (User1) or to the group (Group1). In this post, we grant access to Group1.

Grant access to User1 in Lake Formation

Sign in to the Lake Formation console, choose Data lake permissions in the navigation pane, and grant access to the user group on the database oktank_tipblog_temp and table customer.

With Athena, you can grant access to specific columns and for specific rows with row-level filtering. For this post, we grant column-level access and restrict access to only selected columns for the table.

This completes the access permission setup for User1.

Verify access

Let’s see how User1 uses Athena to analyze the data.

  1. Copy the URL for EMRStudioURL from the CloudFormation stack output.
  2. Open a new browser window and connect to the URL.

You will be redirected to the Okta login page.

  1. Log in with User1.
  2. In the EMR Studio query editor, change the workgroup to AthenaIDCWG and choose Acknowledge.
  3. Run the following query in the query editor:
SELECT * FROM "oktank_tipblog_temp"."customer" limit 10;


You can see that the user is only able to access the columns for which permissions were previously granted in Lake Formation. This completes the access flow verification for User1.

Set up User2 access

User2 accesses the table using an EMR Studio notebook. Note the current considerations for EMR with IAM Identity Center integrations.

Complete the steps in this section to set up User2 access.

Grant Lake Formation permissions to User2

Sign in to the Lake Formation console and grant access to Group2 on the table, similar to the steps you followed earlier for User1. Also grant Describe permission on the default database to Group2, as shown in the following screenshot.

Create an EMR Studio Workspace

Next, User2 creates an EMR Studio Workspace.

  1. Copy the URL for EMR Studio from the EMRStudioURL value from the CloudFormation stack output.
  2. Log in to EMR Studio as User2 on the Okta login page.
  3. Create a Workspace, giving it a name and leaving all other options as default.

This will open a JupyterLab notebook in a new window.

Connect to the EMR Studio notebook

In the Compute pane of the notebook, select the EMR cluster (named EMRWithTIP) created by the CloudFormation stack to attach to it. After the notebook is attached to the cluster, choose the PySpark kernel to run Spark queries.

Verify access

Enter the following query in the notebook to read from the customer table:

spark.sql("select * from oktank_tipblog_temp.customer").show()


The user access works as expected based on the Lake Formation grants you provided earlier.

Run the following Spark query in the notebook to read data from the raw bucket. Access to this bucket is controlled by S3 Access Grants.

spark.read.option("header",True).csv("s3://tip-blog-s3-s3ag/input/*").show()

Let’s write this data to the same bucket and input prefix. This should fail because you only granted read access to the input prefix with S3 Access Grants.

spark.read.option("header",True).csv("s3://tip-blog-s3-s3ag/input/*").write.mode("overwrite").parquet("s3://tip-blog-s3-s3ag/input/")

The user has access to the output prefix under the bucket. Change the query to write to the output prefix:

spark.read.option("header",True).csv("s3://tip-blog-s3-s3ag/input/*").write.mode("overwrite").parquet("s3://tip-blog-s3-s3ag/output/test.part")

The write should now be successful.

We have now seen the data access controls and access flows for User1 and User2.

Set up User3 access

Following the target architecture in our post, Group3 users use the Redshift Query Editor v2 to query the Redshift tables.

Complete the steps in this section to set up access for User3.

Enable Redshift Query Editor v2 console access for User3

Complete the following steps:

  1. On the IAM Identity Center console, create a custom permission set and attach the following policies:
    1. AWS managed policy AmazonRedshiftQueryEditorV2ReadSharing.
    2. Customer managed policy redshift-idc-policy-tip. This policy is already created by the CloudFormation stack, so you don’t have to create it.
  2. Provide a name (tip-blog-qe-v2-permission-set) to the permission set.
  3. Set the relay state as https://<region-id>.console.aws.amazon.com/sqlworkbench/home (for example, https://us-east-1.console.aws.amazon.com/sqlworkbench/home).
  4. Choose Create.
  5. Assign Group3 to the account in IAM Identity Center, select the permission set you created, and choose Submit.

Create the Redshift IAM Identity Center application

Enter the following in the AWS Cloud9 terminal:

aws redshift create-redshift-idc-application \
--idc-instance-arn '<Replace with IDCInstanceARN value from CloudFormation Output>' \
--redshift-idc-application-name 'redshift-iad-<Replace with CatalogId value from CloudFormation output>-tip-blog-1' \
--identity-namespace 'tipblogawsidc' \
--idc-display-name 'TIPBlog_AWSIDC' \
--iam-role-arn '<Replace with TIPRedshiftRoleArn value from CloudFormation output>' \
--service-integrations '[
  {
    "LakeFormation": [
    {
     "LakeFormationQuery": {
     "Authorization": "Enabled"
    }
   }
  ]
 }
]'

Enter the following command to get the application details:

aws redshift describe-redshift-idc-applications --output json

Keep a note of the IdcManagedApplicationArn, IdcDisplayName, and IdentityNamespace values in the output for the application with IdcDisplayName TIPBlog_AWSIDC. You need these values in the next step.

Enable the Redshift Query Editor v2 for the Redshift IAM Identity Center application

Complete the following steps:

  1. On the Amazon Redshift console, choose IAM Identity Center connections in the navigation pane.
  2. Choose the application you created.
  3. Choose Edit.
  4. Select Enable Query Editor v2 application and choose Save changes.
  5. On the Groups tab, choose Add or assign groups.
  6. Assign Group3 to the application.

The Redshift IAM Identity Center connection is now set up.

Enable the Redshift Serverless namespace and workgroup with IAM Identity Center

The CloudFormation stack you deployed created a serverless namespace and workgroup. However, they’re not enabled with IAM Identity Center. To enable with IAM Identity Center, complete the following steps. You can get the namespace name from the RedshiftNamespace value of the CloudFormation stack output.

  1. On the Amazon Redshift Serverless dashboard console, navigate to the namespace you created.
  2. Choose Query Data to open Query Editor v2.
  3. Choose the options menu (three dots) and choose Create connections for the workgroup redshift-idc-wg-tipblog.
  4. Choose Other ways to connect and then Database user name and password.
  5. Use the credentials you provided for the Redshift admin user name and password parameters when deploying the CloudFormation stack and create the connection.

Create resources using the Redshift Query Editor v2

You now enter a series of commands in the query editor with the database admin user.

  1. Create an IdP for the Redshift IAM Identity Center application:
CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER "TIPBlog_AWSIDC" TYPE AWSIDC
NAMESPACE 'tipblogawsidc'
APPLICATION_ARN '<Replace with IdcManagedApplicationArn value you copied earlier in Cloud9>'
IAM_ROLE '<Replace with TIPRedshiftRoleArn value from CloudFormation output>';
  1. Enter the following command to check the IdP you added previously:
SELECT * FROM svv_identity_providers;

Next, you grant permissions to the IAM Identity Center user.

  1. Create a role in Redshift. This role should correspond to the group in IAM Identity Center to which you intend to provide the permissions (Group3 in this post). The role should follow the format <namespace>:<GroupNameinIDC>.
Create role "tipblogawsidc:Group3";
  1. Run the following command to see role you created. The external_id corresponds to the group ID value for Group3 in IAM Identity Center.
Select * from svv_roles where role_name = 'tipblogawsidc:Group3';

  1. Create a sample table to use to verify access for the Group3 user:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS revenue
(
account INTEGER ENCODE az64
,customer VARCHAR(20) ENCODE lzo
,salesamt NUMERIC(18,0) ENCODE az64
)
DISTSTYLE AUTO
;

insert into revenue values (10001, 'ABC Company', 12000);
insert into revenue values (10002, 'Tech Logistics', 175400);
  1. Grant access to the user on the schema:
-- Grant usage on schema
grant usage on schema public to role "tipblogawsidc:Group3";
  1. To create a datashare and add the preceding table to the datashare, enter the following statements:
CREATE DATASHARE demo_datashare;
ALTER DATASHARE demo_datashare ADD SCHEMA public;
ALTER DATASHARE demo_datashare ADD TABLE revenue;
  1. Grant usage on the datashare to the account using the Data Catalog:
GRANT USAGE ON DATASHARE demo_datashare TO ACCOUNT '<Replace with CatalogId from Cloud Formation Output>' via DATA CATALOG;

Authorize the datashare

For this post, we use the AWS CLI to authorize the datashare. You can also do it from the Amazon Redshift console.

Enter the following command in the AWS Cloud9 IDE to describe the datashare you created and note the value of DataShareArn and ConsumerIdentifier to use in subsequent steps:

aws redshift describe-data-shares

Enter the following command in the AWS Cloud9 IDE to the authorize the datashare:

aws redshift authorize-data-share --data-share-arn <Replace with DataShareArn value copied from earlier command’s output> --consumer-identifier <Replace with ConsumerIdentifier value copied from earlier command’s output >

Accept the datashare in Lake Formation

Next, accept the datashare in Lake Formation.

  1. On the Lake Formation console, choose Data sharing in the navigation pane.
  2. In the Invitations section, select the datashare invitation that is pending acceptance.
  3. Choose Review invitation and accept the datashare.
  4. Provide a database name (tip-blog-redshift-ds-db), which will be created in the Data Catalog by Lake Formation.
  5. Choose Skip to Review and Create and create the database.

Grant permissions in Lake Formation

Complete the following steps:

  1. On the Lake Formation console, choose Data lake permissions in the navigation pane.
  2. Choose Grant and in the Principals section, choose User3 to grant permissions with the IAM Identity Center-new option. Refer to the Lake Formation access grants steps performed for User1 and User2 if needed.
  3. Choose the database (tip-blog-redshift-ds-db) you created earlier and the table public.revenue, which you created in the Redshift Query Editor v2.
  4. For Table permissions¸ select Select.
  5. For Data permissions¸ select Column-based access and select the account and salesamt columns.
  6. Choose Grant.

Mount the AWS Glue database to Amazon Redshift

As the last step in the setup, mount the AWS Glue database to Amazon Redshift. In the Query Editor v2, enter the following statements:

create external schema if not exists tipblog_datashare_idc_schema from DATA CATALOG DATABASE 'tip-blog-redshift-ds-db' catalog_id '<Replace with CatalogId from CloudFormation output>';

grant usage on schema tipblog_datashare_idc_schema to role "tipblogawsidc:Group3";

grant select on all tables in schema tipblog_datashare_idc_schema to role "tipblogawsidc:Group3";

You are now done with the required setup and permissions for User3 on the Redshift table.

Verify access

To verify access, complete the following steps:

  1. Get the AWS access portal URL from the IAM Identity Center Settings section.
  2. Open a different browser and enter the access portal URL.

This will redirect you to your Okta login page.

  1. Sign in, select the account, and choose the tip-blog-qe-v2-permission-set link to open the Query Editor v2.

If you’re using private or incognito mode for testing this, you may need to enable third-party cookies.

  1. Choose the options menu (three dots) and choose Edit connection for the redshift-idc-wg-tipblog workgroup.
  2. Use IAM Identity Center in the pop-up window and choose Continue.

If you get an error with the message “Redshift serverless cluster is auto paused,” switch to the other browser with admin credentials and run any sample queries to un-pause the cluster. Then switch back to this browser and continue the next steps.

  1. Run the following query to access the table:
SELECT * FROM "dev"."tipblog_datashare_idc_schema"."public.revenue";

You can only see the two columns due to the access grants you provided in Lake Formation earlier.

This completes configuring User3 access to the Redshift table.

Set up QuickSight for User3

Let’s now set up QuickSight and verify access for User3. We already granted access to User3 to the Redshift table in earlier steps.

  1. Create a new IAM Identity Center enabled QuickSight account. Refer to Simplify business intelligence identity management with Amazon QuickSight and AWS IAM Identity Center for guidance.
  2. Choose Group3 for the author and reader for this post.
  3. For IAM Role, choose the IAM role matching the RoleQuickSight value from the CloudFormation stack output.

Next, you add a VPC connection to QuickSight to access the Redshift Serverless namespace you created earlier.

  1. On the QuickSight console, manage your VPC connections.
  2. Choose Add VPC connection.
  3. For VPC connection name, enter a name.
  4. For VPC ID, enter the value for VPCId from the CloudFormation stack output.
  5. For Execution role, choose the value for RoleQuickSight from the CloudFormation stack output.
  6. For Security Group IDs, choose the security group for QSSecurityGroup from the CloudFormation stack output.

  1. Wait for the VPC connection to be AVAILABLE.
  2. Enter the following command in AWS Cloud9 to enable QuickSight with Amazon Redshift for trusted identity propagation:
aws quicksight update-identity-propagation-config --aws-account-id "<Replace with CatalogId from CloudFormation output>" --service "REDSHIFT" --authorized-targets "< Replace with IdcManagedApplicationArn value from output of aws redshift describe-redshift-idc-applications --output json which you copied earlier>"

Verify User3 access with QuickSight

Complete the following steps:

  1. Sign in to the QuickSight console as User3 in a different browser.
  2. On the Okta sign-in page, sign in as User 3.
  3. Create a new dataset with Amazon Redshift as the data source.
  4. Choose the VPC connection you created above for Connection Type.
  5. Provide the Redshift server (the RedshiftSrverlessWorkgroup value from the CloudFormation stack output), port (5439 in this post), and database name (dev in this post).
  6. Under Authentication method, select Single sign-on.
  7. Choose Validate, then choose Create data source.

If you encounter an issue with validating using single sign-on, switch to Database username and password for Authentication method, validate with any dummy user and password, and then switch back to validate using single sign-on and proceed to the next step. Also check that the Redshift serverless cluster is not auto-paused as mentioned earlier in Redshift access verification.

  1. Choose the schema you created earlier (tipblog_datashare_idc_schema) and the table public.revenue
  2. Choose Select to create your dataset.

You should now be able to visualize the data in QuickSight. You are only able to only see the account and salesamt columns from the table because of the access permissions you granted earlier with Lake Formation.

This finishes all the steps for setting up trusted identity propagation.

Audit data access

Let’s see how we can audit the data access with the different users.

Access requests are logged to CloudTrail. The IAM Identity Center user ID is logged under the onBehalfOf tag in the CloudTrail event. The following screenshot shows the GetDataAccess event generated by Lake Formation. You can view the CloudTrail event history and filter by event name GetDataAccess to view similar events in your account.

You can see the userId corresponds to User2.

You can run the following commands in AWS Cloud9 to confirm this.

Get the identity store ID:

aws sso-admin describe-instance --instance-arn <Replace with your instance arn value> | jq -r '.IdentityStoreId'

Describe the user in the identity store:

aws identitystore describe-user --identity-store-id <Replace with output of above command> --user-id <User Id from above screenshot>

One way to query the CloudTrail log events is by using CloudTrail Lake. Set up the event data store (refer to the following instructions) and rerun the queries for User1, User2, and User3. You can query the access events using CloudTrail Lake with the following sample query:

SELECT eventTime,userIdentity.onBehalfOf.userid AS idcUserId,requestParameters as accessInfo, serviceEventDetails
FROM 04d81d04-753f-42e0-a31f-2810659d9c27
WHERE userIdentity.arn IS NOT NULL AND eventName='BatchGetTable' or eventName='GetDataAccess' or eventName='CreateDataSet'
order by eventTime DESC

The following screenshot shows an example of the detailed results with audit explanations.

Clean up

To avoid incurring further charges, delete the CloudFormation stack. Before you delete the CloudFormation stack, delete all the resources you created using the console or AWS CLI:

  1. Manually delete any EMR Studio Workspaces you created with User2.
  2. Delete the Athena workgroup created as part of the User1 setup.
  3. Delete the QuickSight VPC connection you created.
  4. Delete the Redshift IAM Identity Center connection.
  5. Deregister IAM Identity Center from S3 Access Grants.
  6. Delete the CloudFormation stack.
  7. Manually delete the VPC created by AWS CloudFormation.

Conclusion

In this post, we delved into the trusted identity propagation feature of AWS Identity Center alongside various AWS Analytics services, demonstrating its utility in managing permissions using corporate user or group identities rather than IAM roles. We examined diverse user personas utilizing interactive tools like Athena, EMR Studio notebooks, Redshift Query Editor V2, and QuickSight, all centralized under Lake Formation for streamlined permission management. Additionally, we explored S3 Access Grants for S3 bucket access management, and concluded with insights into auditing through CloudTrail events and CloudTrail Lake for a comprehensive overview of user data access.

For further reading, refer to the following resources:


About the Author

Shoukat Ghouse is a Senior Big Data Specialist Solutions Architect at AWS. He helps customers around the world build robust, efficient and scalable data platforms on AWS leveraging AWS analytics services like AWS Glue, AWS Lake Formation, Amazon Athena and Amazon EMR.

Multicloud data lake analytics with Amazon Athena

Post Syndicated from Shoukat Ghouse original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/multicloud-data-lake-analytics-with-amazon-athena/

Many organizations operate data lakes spanning multiple cloud data stores. This could be for various reasons, such as business expansions, mergers, or specific cloud provider preferences for different business units. In these cases, you may want an integrated query layer to seamlessly run analytical queries across these diverse cloud stores and streamline your data analytics processes. With a unified query interface, you can avoid the complexity of managing multiple query tools and gain a holistic view of your data assets regardless of where the data assets reside. You can consolidate your analytics workflows, reducing the need for extensive tooling and infrastructure management. This consolidation not only saves time and resources but also enables teams to focus more on deriving insights from data rather than navigating through various query tools and interfaces. A unified query interface promotes a holistic view of data assets by breaking down silos and facilitating seamless access to data stored across different cloud data stores. This comprehensive view enhances decision-making capabilities by empowering stakeholders to analyze data from multiple sources in a unified manner, leading to more informed strategic decisions.

In this post, we delve into the ways in which you can use Amazon Athena connectors to efficiently query data files residing across Azure Data Lake Storage (ADLS) Gen2, Google Cloud Storage (GCS), and Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Additionally, we explore the use of Athena workgroups and cost allocation tags to effectively categorize and analyze the costs associated with running analytical queries.

Solution overview

Imagine a fictional company named Oktank, which manages its data across data lakes on Amazon S3, ADLS, and GCS. Oktank wants to be able to query any of their cloud data stores and run analytical queries like joins and aggregations across the data stores without needing to transfer data to an S3 data lake. Oktank also wants to identify and analyze the costs associated with running analytics queries. To achieve this, Oktank envisions a unified data query layer using Athena.

The following diagram illustrates the high-level solution architecture.

Users run their queries from Athena connecting to specific Athena workgroups. Athena uses connectors to federate the queries across multiple data sources. In this case, we use the Amazon Athena Azure Synapse connector to query data from ADLS Gen2 via Synapse and the Amazon Athena GCS connector for GCS. An Athena connector is an extension of the Athena query engine. When a query runs on a federated data source using a connector, Athena invokes multiple AWS Lambda functions to read from the data sources in parallel to optimize performance. Refer to Using Amazon Athena Federated Query for further details. The AWS Glue Data Catalog holds the metadata for Amazon S3 and GCS data.

In the following sections, we demonstrate how to build this architecture.

Prerequisites

Before you configure your resources on AWS, you need to set up the necessary infrastructure required for this post in both Azure and GCP. The detailed steps and guidelines for creating the resources in Azure and GCP are beyond the scope of this post. Refer to the respective documentation for details. In this section, we provide some basic steps needed to create the resources required for the post.

You can download the sample data file cust_feedback_v0.csv.

Configure the dataset for Azure

To set up the sample dataset for Azure, log in to the Azure portal and upload the file to ADLS Gen2. The following screenshot shows the file under the container blog-container under a specific storage account on ADLS Gen2.

Set up a Synapse workspace in Azure and create an external table in Synapse that points to the relevant location. The following commands offer a foundational guide for running the necessary actions within the Synapse workspace to create the essential resources for this post. Refer to the corresponding Synapse documentation for additional details as required.

# Create Database
CREATE DATABASE azure_athena_blog_db
# Create file format
CREATE EXTERNAL FILE FORMAT [SynapseDelimitedTextFormat]
WITH ( FORMAT_TYPE = DELIMITEDTEXT ,
FORMAT_OPTIONS (
FIELD_TERMINATOR = ',',
USE_TYPE_DEFAULT = FALSE,
FIRST_ROW = 2
))

# Create key
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '*******;

# Create Database credential
CREATE DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL dbscopedCreds
WITH IDENTITY = 'Managed Identity';

# Create Data Source
CREATE EXTERNAL DATA SOURCE athena_blog_datasource
WITH ( LOCATION = 'abfss://[email protected]/',
CREDENTIAL = dbscopedCreds
)

# Create External Table
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dbo.customer_feedbacks_azure (
[data_key] nvarchar(4000),
[data_load_date] nvarchar(4000),
[data_location] nvarchar(4000),
[product_id] nvarchar(4000),
[customer_email] nvarchar(4000),
[customer_name] nvarchar(4000),
[comment1] nvarchar(4000),
[comment2] nvarchar(4000)
)
WITH (
LOCATION = 'cust_feedback_v0.csv',
DATA_SOURCE = athena_blog_datasource,
FILE_FORMAT = [SynapseDelimitedTextFormat]
);

# Create User
CREATE LOGIN bloguser1 WITH PASSWORD = '****';
CREATE USER bloguser1 FROM LOGIN bloguser1;

# Grant select on the Schema
GRANT SELECT ON SCHEMA::dbo TO [bloguser1];

Note down the user name, password, database name, and the serverless or dedicated SQL endpoint you use—you need these in the subsequent steps.

This completes the setup on Azure for the sample dataset.

Configure the dataset for GCS

To set up the sample dataset for GCS, upload the file to the GCS bucket.

Create a GCP service account and grant access to the bucket.

In addition, create a JSON key for the service account. The content of the key is needed in subsequent steps.

This completes the setup on GCP for our sample dataset.

Deploy the AWS infrastructure

You can now run the provided AWS CloudFormation stack to create the solution resources. Identify an AWS Region in which you want to create the resources and ensure you use the same Region throughout the setup and verifications.

Refer to the following table for the necessary parameters that you must provide. You can leave other parameters at their default values or modify them according to your requirement.

Parameter Name Expected Value
AzureSynapseUserName User name for the Synapse database you created.
AzureSynapsePwd Password for the Synapse database user.
AzureSynapseURL

Synapse JDBC URL, in the following format: jdbc:sqlserver://<sqlendpoint>;databaseName=<databasename>

For example: jdbc:sqlserver://xxxxg-ondemand.sql.azuresynapse.net;databaseName=azure_athena_blog_db

GCSSecretKey Content from the secret key file from GCP.
UserAzureADLSOnlyUserPassword AWS Management Console password for the Azure-only user. This user can only query data from ADLS.
UserGCSOnlyUserPassword AWS Management Console password for the GCS-only user. This user can only query data from GCP GCS.
UserMultiCloudUserPassword AWS Management Console password for the multi-cloud user. This user can query data from any of the cloud stores.

The stack provisions the VPC, subnets, S3 buckets, Athena workgroups, and AWS Glue database and tables. It creates two secrets in AWS Secrets Manager to store the GCS secret key and the Synapse user name and password. You use these secrets when creating the Athena connectors.

The stack also creates three AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users and grants permissions on corresponding Athena workgroups, Athena data sources, and Lambda functions: AzureADLSUser, which can run queries on ADLS and Amazon S3, GCPGCSUser, which can query GCS and Amazon S3, and MultiCloudUser, which can query Amazon S3, Azure ADLS Gen2 and GCS data sources. The stack does not create the Athena data source and Lambda functions. You create these in subsequent steps when you create the Athena connectors.

The stack also attaches cost allocation tags to the Athena workgroups, the secrets in Secrets Manager, and the S3 buckets. You use these tags for cost analysis in subsequent steps.

When the stack deployment is complete, note the values of the CloudFormation stack outputs, which you use in subsequent steps.

Upload the data file to the S3 bucket created by the CloudFormation stack. You can retrieve the bucket name from the value of the key named S3SourceBucket from the stack output. This serves as the S3 data lake data for this post.

You can now create the connectors.

Create the Athena Synapse connector

To set up the Azure Synapse connector, complete the following steps:

  1. On the Lambda console, create a new application.
  2. In the Application settings section, enter the values for the corresponding key from the output of the CloudFormation stack, as listed in the following table.
Property Name CloudFormation Output Key
SecretNamePrefix AzureSecretName
DefaultConnectionString AzureSynapseConnectorJDBCURL
LambdaFunctionName AzureADLSLambdaFunctionName
SecurityGroupIds SecurityGroupId
SpillBucket AthenaLocationAzure
SubnetIds PrivateSubnetId

  1. Select the Acknowledgement check box and choose Deploy.

Wait for the application to be deployed before proceeding to the next step.

Create the Athena GCS connector

To create the Athena GCS connector, complete the following steps:

  1. On the Lambda console, create a new application.
  2. In the Application settings section, enter the values for the corresponding key from the output of the CloudFormation stack, as listed in the following table.
Property Name CloudFormation Output Key
SpillBucket AthenaLocationGCP
GCSSecretName GCSSecretName
LambdaFunctionName GCSLambdaFunctionName
  1. Select the Acknowledgement check box and choose Deploy.

For the GCS connector, there are some post-deployment steps to create the AWS Glue database and table for the GCS data file. In this post, the CloudFormation stack you deployed earlier already created these resources, so you don’t have to create it. The stack created an AWS Glue database called oktank_multicloudanalytics_gcp and a table called customer_feedbacks under the database with the required configurations.

Log in to the Lambda console to verify the Lambda functions were created.

Next, you create the Athena data sources corresponding to these connectors.

Create the Azure data source

Complete the following steps to create your Azure data source:

  1. On the Athena console, create a new data source.
  2. For Data sources, select Microsoft Azure Synapse.
  3. Choose Next.

  1. For Data source name, enter the value for the AthenaFederatedDataSourceNameForAzure key from the CloudFormation stack output.
  2. In the Connection details section, choose Lambda function you created earlier for Azure.

  1. Choose Next, then choose Create data source.

You should be able to see the associated schemas for the Azure external database.

Create the GCS data source

Complete the following steps to create your Azure data source:

  1. On the Athena console, create a new data source.
  2. For Data sources, select Google Cloud Storage.
  3. Choose Next.

  1. For Data source name, enter the value for the AthenaFederatedDataSourceNameForGCS key from the CloudFormation stack output.
  2. In the Connection details section, choose Lambda function you created earlier for GCS.

  1. Choose Next, then choose Create data source.

This completes the deployment. You can now run the multi-cloud queries from Athena.

Query the federated data sources

In this section, we demonstrate how to query the data sources using the ADLS user, GCS user, and multi-cloud user.

Run queries as the ADLS user

The ADLS user can run multi-cloud queries on ADLS Gen2 and Amazon S3 data. Complete the following steps:

  1. Get the value for UserAzureADLSUser from the CloudFormation stack output.

  1. Sign in to the Athena query editor with this user.
  2. Switch the workgroup to athena-mc-analytics-azure-wg in the Athena query editor.

  1. Choose Acknowledge to accept the workgroup settings.

  1. Run the following query to join the S3 data lake table to the ADLS data lake table:
SELECT a.data_load_date as azure_load_date, b.data_key as s3_data_key, a.data_location as azure_data_location FROM "azure_adls_ds"."dbo"."customer_feedbacks_azure" a join "AwsDataCatalog"."oktank_multicloudanalytics_aws"."customer_feedbacks" b ON cast(a.data_key as integer) = b.data_key

Run queries as the GCS user

The GCS user can run multi-cloud queries on GCS and Amazon S3 data. Complete the following steps:

  1. Get the value for UserGCPGCSUser from the CloudFormation stack output.
  2. Sign in to the Athena query editor with this user.
  3. Switch the workgroup to athena-mc-analytics-gcp-wg in the Athena query editor.
  4. Choose Acknowledge to accept the workgroup settings.
  5. Run the following query to join the S3 data lake table to the GCS data lake table:
SELECT a.data_load_date as gcs_load_date, b.data_key as s3_data_key, a.data_location as gcs_data_location FROM "gcp_gcs_ds"."oktank_multicloudanalytics_gcp"."customer_feedbacks" a
join "AwsDataCatalog"."oktank_multicloudanalytics_aws"."customer_feedbacks" b 
ON a.data_key = b.data_key

Run queries as the multi-cloud user

The multi-cloud user can run queries that can access data from any cloud store. Complete the following steps:

  1. Get the value for UserMultiCloudUser from the CloudFormation stack output.
  2. Sign in to the Athena query editor with this user.
  3. Switch the workgroup to athena-mc-analytics-multi-wg in the Athena query editor.
  4. Choose Acknowledge to accept the workgroup settings.
  5. Run the following query to join data across the multiple cloud stores:
SELECT a.data_load_date as adls_load_date, b.data_key as s3_data_key, c.data_location as gcs_data_location 
FROM "azure_adls_ds"."dbo"."CUSTOMER_FEEDBACKS_AZURE" a 
join "AwsDataCatalog"."oktank_multicloudanalytics_aws"."customer_feedbacks" b 
on cast(a.data_key as integer) = b.data_key join "gcp_gcs_ds"."oktank_multicloudanalytics_gcp"."customer_feedbacks" c 
on b.data_key = c.data_key

Cost analysis with cost allocation tags

When you run multi-cloud queries, you need to carefully consider the data transfer costs associated with each cloud provider. Refer to the corresponding cloud documentation for details. The cost reports highlighted in this section refer to the AWS infrastructure and service usage costs. The storage and other associated costs with ADLS, Synapse, and GCS are not included.

Let’s see how to handle cost analysis for the multiple scenarios we have discussed.

The CloudFormation stack you deployed earlier added user-defined cost allocation tags, as shown in the following screenshot.

Sign in to AWS Billing and Cost Management console and enable these cost allocation tags. It may take up to 24 hours for the cost allocation tags to be available and reflected in AWS Cost Explorer.

To track the cost of the Lambda functions deployed as part of the GCS and Synapse connectors, you can use the AWS generated cost allocation tags, as shown in the following screenshot.

You can use these tags on the Billing and Cost Management console to determine the cost per tag. We provide some sample screenshots for reference. These reports only show the cost of AWS resources used to access ADLS Gen2 or GCP GCS. The reports do not show the cost of GCP or Azure resources.

Athena costs

To view Athena costs, choose the tag athena-mc-analytics:athena:workgroup and filter the tags values azure, gcp, and multi.

You can also use workgroups to set limits on the amount of data each workgroup can process to track and control cost. For more information, refer to Using workgroups to control query access and costs and Separate queries and managing costs using Amazon Athena workgroups.

Amazon S3 costs

To view the costs for Amazon S3 storage (Athena query results and spill storage), choose the tag athena-mc-analytics:s3:result-spill and filter the tag values azure, gcp, and multi.

Lambda costs

To view the costs for the Lambda functions, choose the tag aws:cloudformation:stack-name and filter the tag values serverlessepo-AthenaSynapseConnector and serverlessepo-AthenaGCSConnector.

Cost allocation tags help manage and track costs effectively when you’re running multi-cloud queries. This can help you track, control, and optimize your spending while taking advantage of the benefits of multi-cloud data analytics.

Clean up

To avoid incurring further charges, delete the CloudFormation stacks to delete the resources you provisioned as part of this post. There are two additional stacks deployed for each connector: serverlessrepo-AthenaGCSConnector and serverlessrepo-AthenaSynapseConnector. Delete all three stacks.

Conclusion

In this post, we discussed a comprehensive solution for organizations looking to implement multi-cloud data lake analytics using Athena, enabling a consolidated view of data across diverse cloud data stores and enhancing decision-making capabilities. We focused on querying data lakes across Amazon S3, Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2, and Google Cloud Storage using Athena. We demonstrated how to set up resources on Azure, GCP, and AWS, including creating databases, tables, Lambda functions, and Athena data sources. We also provided instructions for querying federated data sources from Athena, demonstrating how you can run multi-cloud queries tailored to your specific needs. Lastly, we discussed cost analysis using AWS cost allocation tags.

For further reading, refer to the following resources:

About the Author

Shoukat Ghouse is a Senior Big Data Specialist Solutions Architect at AWS. He helps customers around the world build robust, efficient and scalable data platforms on AWS leveraging AWS analytics services like AWS Glue, AWS Lake Formation, Amazon Athena and Amazon EMR.

Automated data governance with AWS Glue Data Quality, sensitive data detection, and AWS Lake Formation

Post Syndicated from Shoukat Ghouse original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/automated-data-governance-with-aws-glue-data-quality-sensitive-data-detection-and-aws-lake-formation/

Data governance is the process of ensuring the integrity, availability, usability, and security of an organization’s data. Due to the volume, velocity, and variety of data being ingested in data lakes, it can get challenging to develop and maintain policies and procedures to ensure data governance at scale for your data lake. Data confidentiality and data quality are the two essential themes for data governance. Data confidentiality refers to the protection and control of sensitive and private information to prevent unauthorized access, especially when dealing with personally identifiable information (PII). Data quality focuses on maintaining accurate, reliable, and consistent data across the organization. Poor data quality can lead to erroneous decisions, inefficient operations, and compromised business performance.

Companies need to ensure data confidentiality is maintained throughout the data pipeline and that high-quality data is available to consumers in a timely manner. A lot of this effort is manual, where data owners and data stewards define and apply the policies statically up front for each dataset in the lake. This gets tedious and delays the data adoption across the enterprise.

In this post, we showcase how to use AWS Glue with AWS Glue Data Quality, sensitive data detection transforms, and AWS Lake Formation tag-based access control to automate data governance.

Solution overview

Let’s consider a fictional company, OkTank. OkTank has multiple ingestion pipelines that populate multiple tables in the data lake. OkTank wants to ensure the data lake is governed with data quality rules and access policies in place at all times.

Multiple personas consume data from the data lake, such as business leaders, data scientists, data analysts, and data engineers. For each set of users, a different level of governance is needed. For example, business leaders need top-quality and highly accurate data, data scientists cannot see PII data and need data within an acceptable quality range for their model training, and data engineers can see all data except PII.

Currently, these requirements are hard-coded and managed manually for each set of users. OkTank wants to scale this and is looking for ways to control governance in an automated way. Primarily, they are looking for the following features:

  • When new data and tables get added to the data lake, the governance policies (data quality checks and access controls) get automatically applied for them. Unless the data is certified to be consumed, it shouldn’t be accessible to the end-users. For example, they want to ensure basic data quality checks are applied on all new tables and provide access to the data based on the data quality score.
  • Due to changes in source data, the existing data profile of data lake tables may drift. It’s required to ensure the governance is met as defined. For example, the system should automatically mark columns as sensitive if sensitive data is detected in a column that was earlier marked as public and was available publicly for users. The system should hide the column from unauthorized users accordingly.

For the purpose of this post, the following governance policies are defined:

  • No PII data should exist in tables or columns tagged as public.
  • If  a column has any PII data, the column should be marked as sensitive. The table should then also be marked sensitive.
  • The following data quality rules should be applied on all tables:
    • All tables should have a minimum set of columns: data_key, data_load_date, and data_location.
    • data_key is a key column and should meet key requirements of being unique and complete.
    • data_location should match with locations defined in a separate reference (base) table.
    • The data_load_date column should be complete.
  • User access to tables is controlled as per the following table.
User Description Can Access Sensitive Tables Can Access Sensitive Columns Min Data Quality Threshold Needed to consume Data
Category 1 Yes Yes 100%
Category 2 Yes No 50%
Category 3 No No 0%

In this post, we use AWS Glue Data Quality and sensitive data detection features. We also use Lake Formation tag-based access control to manage access at scale.

The following diagram illustrates the solution architecture.

The governance requirements highlighted in the previous table are translated to the following Lake Formation LF-Tags.

IAM User LF-Tag: tbl_class LF-Tag: col_class LF-Tag: dq_tag
Category 1 sensitive, public sensitive, public DQ100
Category 2 sensitive, public public DQ100,DQ90,DQ50_80,DQ80_90
Category 3 public public DQ90, DQ100, DQ_LT_50, DQ50_80, DQ80_90

This post uses AWS Step Functions to orchestrate the governance jobs, but you can use any other orchestration tool of choice. To simulate data ingestion, we manually place the files in an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket. In this post, we trigger the Step Functions state machine manually for ease of understanding. In practice, you can integrate or invoke the jobs as part of a data ingestion pipeline, via event triggers like AWS Glue crawler or Amazon S3 events, or schedule them as needed.

In this post, we use an AWS Glue database named oktank_autogov_temp and a target table named customer on which we apply the governance rules. We use AWS CloudFormation to provision the resources. AWS CloudFormation lets you model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party resources by treating infrastructure as code.

Prerequisites

Complete the following prerequisite steps:

  1. Identify an AWS Region in which you want to create the resources and ensure you use the same Region throughout the setup and verifications.
  2. Have a Lake Formation administrator role to run the CloudFormation template and grant permissions.

Sign in to the Lake Formation console and add yourself as a Lake Formation data lake administrator if you aren’t already an admin. If you are setting up Lake Formation for the first time in your Region, then you can do this in the following pop-up window that appears up when you connect to the Lake Formation console and select the desired Region.

Otherwise, you can add data lake administrators by choosing Administrative roles and tasks in the navigation pane on the Lake Formation console and choosing Add administrators. Then select Data lake administrator, identity your users and roles, and choose Confirm.

Deploy the CloudFormation stack

Run the provided CloudFormation stack to create the solution resources.

You need to provide a unique bucket name and specify passwords for the three users reflecting three different user personas (Category 1, Category 2, and Category 3) that we use for this post.

The stack provisions an S3 bucket to store the dummy data, AWS Glue scripts, results of sensitive data detection, and Amazon Athena query results in their respective folders.

The stack copies the AWS Glue scripts into the scripts folder and creates two AWS Glue jobs Data-Quality-PII-Checker_Job and LF-Tag-Handler_Job pointing to the corresponding scripts.

The AWS Glue job Data-Quality-PII-Checker_Job applies the data quality rules and publishes the results. It also checks for sensitive data in the columns. In this post, we check for the PERSON_NAME and EMAIL data types. If any columns with sensitive data are detected, it persists the sensitive data detection results to the S3 bucket.

AWS Glue Data Quality uses Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) to author the data quality rules.

The data quality requirements as defined earlier in this post are written as the following DQDL in the script:

Rules = [
ReferentialIntegrity "data_location" "reference.data_location" = 1.0,
IsPrimaryKey "data_key",
ColumnExists "data_load_date",
IsComplete "data_load_date
]

The following screenshot shows a sample result from the job after it runs. You can see this after you trigger the Step Functions workflow in subsequent steps. To check the results, on the AWS Glue console, choose ETL jobs and choose the job called Data-Quality-PII-Checker_Job. Then navigate to the Data quality tab to view the results.

The AWS Glue jobLF-Tag-Handler_Job fetches the data quality metrics published by Data-Quality-PII-Checker_Job. It checks the status of the DataQuality_PIIColumns result. It gets the list of sensitive column names from the sensitive data detection file created in the Data-Quality-PII-Checker_Job and tags the columns as sensitive. The rest of the columns are tagged as public. It also tags the table assensitive if sensitive columns are detected. The table is marked as public if no sensitive columns are detected.

The job also checks the data quality score for the DataQuality_BasicChecks result set. It maps the data quality score into tags as shown in the following table and applies the corresponding tag on the table.

Data Quality Score Data Quality Tag
100% DQ100
90-100% DQ90
80-90% DQ80_90
50-80% DQ50_80
Less than 50% DQ_LT_50

The CloudFormation stack copies some mock data to the data folder and registers this location under AWS Lake Formation Data lake locations so Lake Formation can govern access on the location using service-linked role for Lake Formation.

The customer subfolder contains the initial customer dataset for the table customer. The base subfolder contains the base dataset, which we use to check referential integrity as part of the data quality checks. The column data_location in the customer table should match with locations defined in this base table.

The stack also copies some additional mock data to the bucket under the data-v1 folder. We use this data to simulate data quality issues.

It also creates the following resources:

  • An AWS Glue database called oktank_autogov_temp and two tables under the database:
    • customer – This is our target table on which we will be governing the access based on data quality rules and PII checks.
    • base – This is the base table that has the reference data. One of the data quality rules checks that the customer data always adheres to locations present in the base table.
  • AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users and roles:
    • DataLakeUser_Category1 – The data lake user corresponding to the Category 1 user. This user should be able to access sensitive data but needs 100% accurate data.
    • DataLakeUser_Category2 – The data lake user corresponding to the Category 2 user. This user should not be able to access sensitive columns in the table. It needs more than 50% accurate data.
    • DataLakeUser_Category3 – The data lake user corresponding to the Category 3 user. This user should not be able to access tables containing sensitive data. Data quality can be 0%.
    • GlueServiceDQRole – The role for the data quality and sensitive data detection job.
    • GlueServiceLFTaggerRole – The role for the LF-Tags handler job for applying the tags to the table.
    • StepFunctionRole – The Step Functions role for triggering the AWS Glue jobs.
  • Lake Formation LF-Tags keys and values:
    • tbl_classsensitive, public
    • dq_classDQ100, DQ90, DQ80_90, DQ50_80, DQ_LT_50
    • col_classsensitive, public
  • A Step Functions state machine named AutoGovMachine that you use to trigger the runs for the AWS Glue jobs to check data quality and update the LF-Tags.
  • Athena workgroups named auto_gov_blog_workgroup_temporary_user1, auto_gov_blog_workgroup_temporary_user2, and auto_gov_blog_workgroup_temporary_user3. These workgroups point to different Athena query result locations for each user. Each user is granted access to the corresponding query result location only. This ensures a specific user doesn’t access the query results of other users. You should switch to a specific workgroup to run queries in Athena as part of the test for the specific user.

The CloudFormation stack generates the following outputs. Take note of the values of the IAM users to use in subsequent steps.

Grant permissions

After you launch the CloudFormation stack, complete the following steps:

  1. On the Lake Formation console, under Permissions choose Data lake permissions in the navigation pane.
  2. Search for the database oktank_autogov_temp and table customer.
  3. If IAMAllowedPrincipals access if present, select it choose Revoke.

  1. Choose Revoke again to revoke the permissions.

Category 1 users can access all data except if the data quality score of the table is below 100%. Therefore, we grant the user the necessary permissions.

  1. Under Permissions in the navigation pane, choose Data lake permissions.
  2. Search for database oktank_autogov_temp and table customer.
  3. Choose Grant
  4. Select IAM users and roles and choose the value for UserCategory1 from your CloudFormation stack output.
  5. Under LF-Tags or catalog resources, choose Add LF-Tag key-value pair.
  6. Add the following key-value pairs:
    1. For the col_class key, add the values public and sensitive.
    2. For the tbl_class key, add the values public and sensitive.
    3. For the dq_tag key, add the value DQ100.

  1. For Table permissions, select Select.
  2. Choose Grant.

Category 2 users can’t access sensitive columns. They can access tables with a data quality score above 50%.

  1. Repeat the preceding steps to grant the appropriate permissions in Lake Formation to UserCategory2:
    1. For the col_class key, add the value public.
    2. For the tbl_class key, add the values public and sensitive.
    3. For the dq_tag key, add the values DQ50_80, DQ80_90, DQ90, and DQ100.

  1. For Table permissions, select Select.
  2. Choose Grant.

Category 3 users can’t access tables that contain any sensitive columns. Such tables are marked as sensitive by the system. They can access tables with any data quality score.

  1. Repeat the preceding steps to grant the appropriate permissions in Lake Formation to UserCategory3:
    1. For the col_class key, add the value public.
    2. For the tbl_class key, add the value public.
    3. For the dq_tag key, add the values DQ_LT_50, DQ50_80, DQ80_90, DQ90, and DQ100.

  1. For Table permissions, select Select.
  2. Choose Grant.

You can verify the LF-Tag permissions assigned in Lake Formation by navigating to the Data lake permissions page and searching for the Resource type LF-Tag expression.

Test the solution

Now we can test the workflow. We test three different use cases in this post. You will notice how the permissions to the tables change based on the values of LF-Tags applied to the customer table and the columns of the table. We use Athena to query the tables.

Use case 1

In this first use case, a new table was created on the lake and new data was ingested to the table. The data file cust_feedback_v0.csv was copied to the data/customer location in the S3 bucket. This simulates new data ingestion on a new table called customer.

Lake Formation doesn’t allow any users to access this table currently. To test this scenario, complete the following steps:

  1. Sign in to the Athena console with the UserCategory1 user.
  2. Switch the workgroup to auto_gov_blog_workgroup_temporary_user1 in the Athena query editor.
  3. Choose Acknowledge to accept the workgroup settings.

  1. Run the following query in the query editor:
select * from "oktank_autogov_temp"."customer" limit 10

  1. On the Step Functions console, run the AutoGovMachine state machine.
  2. In the Input – optional section, use the following JSON and replace the BucketName value with the bucket name you used for the CloudFormation stack earlier (for this post, we use auto-gov-blog):
{
  "Comment": "Auto Governance with AWS Glue and AWS LakeFormation",
  "BucketName": "<Replace with your bucket name>"
}

The state machine triggers the AWS Glue jobs to check data quality on the table and apply the corresponding LF-Tags.

  1. You can check the LF-Tags applied on the table and the columns. To do so, when the state machine is complete, sign in to Lake Formation with the admin role used earlier to grant permissions.
  2. Navigate to the table customer under the oktank_autogov_temp database and choose Edit LF-Tags to validate the tags applied on the table.

You can also validate that columns customer_email and customer_name are tagged as sensitive for the col_class LF-Tag.

  1. To check this, choose Edit Schema for the customer table.
  2. Select the two columns and choose Edit LF-Tags.

You can check the tags on these columns.

The rest of the columns are tagged as public.

  1. Sign in to the Athena console with UserCategory1 and run the same query again:
select * from "oktank_autogov_temp"."customer" limit 10

This time, the user is able to see the data. This is because the LF-Tag permissions we applied earlier are in effect.

  1. Sign in as UserCategory2 user to verify permissions.
  2. Switch to workgroup auto_gov_blog_workgroup_temporary_user2 in Athena.

This user can access the table but can only see public columns. Therefore, the user shouldn’t be able to see the customer_email and customer_phone columns because these columns contain sensitive data as identified by the system.

  1. Run the same query again:
select * from "oktank_autogov_temp"."customer" limit 10

  1. Sign in to Athena and verify the permissions for DataLakeUser_Category3.
  2. Switch to workgroup auto_gov_blog_workgroup_temporary_user3 in Athena.

This user can’t access the table because the table is marked as sensitive due to the presence of sensitive data columns in the table.

  1. Run the same query again:
select * from "oktank_autogov_temp"."customer" limit 10

Use case 2

Let’s ingest some new data on the table.

  1. Sign in to the Amazon S3 console with the admin role used earlier to grant permissions.
  2. Copy the file cust_feedback_v1.csv from the data-v1 folder in the S3 bucket to the data/customer folder in the S3 bucket using the default options.

This new data file has data quality issues because the column data_location breaks referential integrity with the base table. This data also introduces some sensitive data in column comment1. This column was earlier marked as public because it didn’t have any sensitive data.

The following screenshot shows what the customer folder should look like now.

  1. Run the AutoGovMachine state machine again and use the same JSON as the StartExecution input you used earlier:
{
  "Comment": "Auto Governance with AWS Glue and AWS LakeFormation",
  "BucketName": "<Replace with your bucket name>"
}

The job classifies column comment1 as sensitive on the customer table. It also updates the dq_tag value on the table because the data quality has changed due to the breaking referential integrity check.

You can verify the new tag values via the Lake Formation console as described earlier. The dq_tag value was DQ100. The value is changed to DQ50_80, reflecting the data quality score for the table.

Also, earlier the value for the col_class tag for the comment1 column was public. The value is now changed to sensitive because sensitive data is detected in this column.

Category 2 users shouldn’t be able to access sensitive columns in the table.

  1. Sign in with UserCategory2 to Athena and rerun the earlier query:
select * from "oktank_autogov_temp"."customer" limit 10

The column comment1 is now not available for UserCategory2 as expected. The access permissions are handled automatically.

Also, because the data quality score goes down below 100%, this new dataset is now not available for the Category1 user. This user should have access to data only when the score is 100% as per our defined rules.

  1. Sign in with UserCategory1 to Athena and rerun the earlier query:
select * from "oktank_autogov_temp"."customer" limit 10

You will see the user is not able to access the table now. The access permissions are handled automatically.

Use case 3

Let’s fix the invalid data and remove the data quality issue.

  1. Delete the cust_feedback_v1.csv file from the data/customer Amazon S3 location.
  2. Copy the file cust_feedback_v1_fixed.csv from the data-v1 folder in the S3 bucket to the data/customer S3 location. This data file fixes the data quality issues.
  3. Rerun the AutoGovMachine state machine.

When the state machine is complete, the data quality score goes up to 100% again and the tag on the table gets updated accordingly. You can verify the new tag as shown earlier via the Lake Formation console.

The Category1 user can access the table again.

Clean up

To avoid incurring further charges, delete the CloudFormation stack to delete the resources provisioned as part of this post.

Conclusion

This post covered AWS Glue Data Quality and sensitive detection features and Lake Formation LF-Tag based access control. We explored how you can combine these features and use them to build a scalable automated data governance capability on your data lake. We explored how user permissions changed when data was initially ingested to the table and when data drift was observed as part of subsequent ingestions.

For further reading, refer to the following resources:


About the Author

Shoukat Ghouse is a Senior Big Data Specialist Solutions Architect at AWS. He helps customers around the world build robust, efficient and scalable data platforms on AWS leveraging AWS analytics services like AWS Glue, AWS Lake Formation, Amazon Athena and Amazon EMR.