Tag Archives: Amazon SES

Complying with DMARC across multiple accounts using Amazon SES

Post Syndicated from Brendan Paul original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/complying-with-dmarc-across-multiple-accounts-using-amazon-ses/

Introduction

For enterprises of all sizes, email is a critical piece of infrastructure that supports large volumes of communication from an organization. As such, companies need a robust solution to deal with the complexities this may introduce. In some cases, companies have multiple domains that support several different business units and need a distributed way of managing email sending for those domains. For example, you might want different business units to have the ability to send emails from subdomains, or give a marketing company the ability to send emails on your behalf. Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) is a cost-effective, flexible, and scalable email service that enables developers to send mail from any application. One of the benefits of Amazon SES is that you can configure Amazon SES to authorize other users to send emails from addresses or domains that you own (your identities) using their own AWS accounts. When allowing other accounts to send emails from your domain, it is important to ensure this is done securely. Amazon SES allows you to send emails to your users using popular authentication methods such as DMARC. In this blog, we walk you through 1/ how to comply with DMARC when using Amazon SES and 2/ how to enable other AWS accounts to send authenticated emails from your domain.

DMARC: what is it, why is it important?

DMARC stands for “Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance”, and it is an email authentication protocol (DMARC.org). DMARC gives domain owners and email senders a way to protect their domain from being used by malicious actors in phishing or spoofing attacks. Email spoofing can be used as a way to compromise users’ financial or personal information by taking advantage of their trust of well-known brands. DMARC makes it easier for senders and recipients to determine whether or not an email was actually sent by the domain that it claims to have been sent by.

Solution Overview

In this solution, you will learn how to set up DKIM signing on Amazon SES, implement a DMARC Policy, and enable other accounts in your organization to send emails from your domain using Sending Authorization. When you set up DKIM signing, Amazon SES will attach a digital signature to all outgoing messages, allowing recipients to verify that the email came from your domain. You will then set your DMARC Policy, which tells an email receiver what to do if an email is not authenticated. Lastly, you will set up Sending Authorization so that other AWS accounts can send authenticated emails from your domain.

Prerequisites

In order to complete the example illustrated in this blog post, you will need to have:

  1. A domain in an Amazon Route53 Hosted Zone or third-party provider. Note: You will need to add/update records for the domain. For this blog we will be using Route53.
  2. An AWS Organization
  3. A second AWS account to send Amazon SES Emails within a different AWS Organizations OU. If you have not worked with AWS Organizations before, review the Organizations Getting Started Guide

How to comply with DMARC (DKIM and SPF) in Amazon SES

In order to comply with DMARC, you must authenticate your messages with either DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail), SPF (Sender Policy Framework), or both. DKIM allows you to send email messages with a cryptographic key, which enables email providers to determine whether or not the email is authentic. SPF defines what servers are allowed to send emails for their domain. To use SPF for DMARC compliance you need to set up a custom MAIL FROM domain in Amazon SES. To authenticate your emails with DKIM in Amazon SES, you have the option of:

In this blog, you will be setting up a sending identity.

Setting up DKIM Signing in Amazon SES

  1. Navigate to the Amazon SES Console 
  2. Select Verify a New Domain and type the name of your domain in
  3. Select Generate DKIM Settings
  4. Choose Verify This Domain
    1. This will generate the DNS records needed to complete domain verification, DKIM signing, and routing incoming mail.
    2. Note: When you initiate domain verification using the Amazon SES console or API, Amazon SES gives you the name and value to use for the TXT record. Add a TXT record to your domain’s DNS server using the specified Name and Value. Amazon SES domain verification is complete when Amazon SES detects the existence of the TXT record in your domain’s DNS settings.
  5. If you are using Route 53 as your DNS provider, choose the Use Route 53 button to update the DNS records automatically
    1. If you are not using Route 53, go to your third-party provider and add the TXT record to verify the domain as well as the three CNAME records to enable DKIM signing. You can also add the MX record at the end to route incoming mail to Amazon SES.
    2. A list of common DNS Providers and instructions on how to update the DNS records can be found in the Amazon SES documentation
  6. Choose Create Record Sets if you are using Route53 as shown below or choose Close after you have added the necessary records to your third-party DNS provider.

 

Note: in the case that you previously verified a domain, but did NOT generate the DKIM settings for your domain, follow the steps below. Skip these steps if this is not the case:

  1. Go to the Amazon SES Console, and select your domain
  2. Select the DKIM dropdown
  3. Choose Generate DKIM Settings and copy the three values in the record set shown
    1. You may also download the record set as a CSV file
  4. Navigate to the Route53 console or your third-party DNS provider. Instructions on how to update the DNS records in your third-party can be found in the Amazon SES documentation
  5. Select the domain you are using
  6. Choose Create Record

  1. Enter the values that Amazon SES has generated for you, and add the three CNAME records to your domain
  2. Wait a few minutes, and go back to your domain in the Amazon SES Console
  3. Check that the DKIM status is verified

You also want to set up a custom MAIL FROM domain that you will use later on. To do so, follow the steps in the documentation.

Setting up a DMARC policy on your domain

DMARC policies are TXT records you place in DNS to define what happens to incoming emails that don’t align with the validations provided when setting up DKIM and SPF. With this policy, you can choose to allow the email to pass through, quarantine the email into a folder like junk or spam, or reject the email.

As a best practice, you should start with a DMARC policy that doesn’t reject all email traffic and collect reports on emails that don’t align to determine if they should be allowed. You can also set a percentage on the DMARC policy to perform filtering on a subset of emails to, for example, quarantine only 50% of the emails that don’t align. Once you are in a state where you can begin to reject non-compliant emails, flip the policy to reject failed authentications. When you set the DMARC policy for your domain, any subdomains that are authorized to send on behalf of your domain will inherit this policy and the same rule will apply. For more information on setting up a DMARC policy, see our documentation.

In a scenario where you have multiple subdomains sending emails, you should be setting the DMARC policy for the organizational domain that you own. For example, if you own the domain example.com and also want to use the sub-domain sender.example.com to send emails you can set the organizational DMARC policy (as a DNS TXT record) to:

Name Type Value
1 _dmarc.example.com TXT “v=DMARC1;p=quarantine;pct=50;rua=mailto:[email protected]”

This DMARC policy states that 50% of emails coming from example.com that fail authentication should be quarantined and you want to send a report of those failures to [email protected]. For your sender.example.com sub-domain, this policy will be inherited unless you specify another DMARC policy for our sub-domain. In the case where you want to be stricter on the sub-domain you could add another DMARC policy like you see in the following table.

 

Name Type Value
1 _dmarc.sender.example.com TXT “v=DMARC1;p=reject;pct=100;rua=mailto:[email protected];ruf=mailto:[email protected]”

This policy would apply to emails coming from sender.example.com and would reject any email that fails authentication. It would also send aggregate feedback to [email protected] and detailed message-specific failure information to [email protected] for further analysis.

Sending Authorization in Amazon SES – Allowing Other Accounts to Send Authenticated Emails

Now that you have configured Amazon SES to comply with DMARC in the account that owns your identity, you may want to allow other accounts in your organization the ability to send emails in the same way. Using Sending Authorization, you can authorize other users or accounts to send emails from identities that you own and manage. An example of where this could be useful is if you are an organization which has different business units in that organization. Using sending authorization, a business unit’s application could send emails to their customers from the top-level domain. This application would be able to leverage the authentication settings of the identity owner without additional configuration. Another advantage is that if the business unit has its own subdomain, the top-level domain’s DKIM settings can apply to this subdomain, so long as you are using Easy DKIM in Amazon SES and have not set up Easy DKIM for the specific subdomains.

Setting up sending authorization across accounts

Before you set up sending authorization, note that working across multiple accounts can impact bounces, complaints, pricing, and quotas in Amazon SES. Amazon SES documentation provides a good understanding of the impacts when using multiple accounts. Specifically, delegated senders are responsible for bounces and complaints and can set up notifications to monitor such activities. These also count against the delegated senders account quotas. To set up Sending Authorization across accounts:

  1. Navigate to the Amazon SES Console from the account that owns the Domain
  2. Select Domains under Identity Management
  3. Select the domain that you want to set up sending authorization with
  4. Select View Details
  5. Expand Identity Policies and Click Create Policy
  6. You can either create a policy using the policy generator or create a custom policy. For the purposes of this blog, you will create a custom policy.
  7. For the custom policy, you will allow a particular Organization Unit (OU) from our AWS Organization access to our domain. You can also limit access to particular accounts or other IAM principals. Use the following policy to allow a particular OU to access the domain:

{
  “Version”: “2012-10-17”,
  “Id”: “AuthPolicy”,
  “Statement”: [
    {
      “Sid”: “AuthorizeOU”,
      “Effect”: “Allow”,
      “Principal”: “*”,
      “Action”: [
        “SES:SendEmail”,
        “SES:SendRawEmail”
      ],
      “Resource”: “<Arn of Verified Domain>”,
      “Condition”: {
        “ForAnyValue:StringLike”: {
          “aws:PrincipalOrgPaths”: “<Organization Id>/<Root OU Id>/<Organizational Unit Id>”
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

9. Make sure to replace the escaped values with your Verified Domain ARN and the Org path of the OU you want to limit access to.

 

You can find more policy examples in the documentation. Note that you can configure sending authorization such that all accounts under your AWS Organization are authorized to send via a certain subdomain.

Testing

You can now test the ability to send emails from your domain in a different AWS account. You will do this by creating a Lambda function to send a test email. Before you create the Lambda function, you will need to create an IAM role for the Lambda function to use.

Creating the IAM Role:

  1. Log in to your separate AWS account
  2. Navigate to the IAM Management Console
  3. Select Role and choose Create Role
  4. Under Choose a use case select Lambda
  5. choose Next: Permissions
  6. In the search bar, type SES and select the check box next to AmazonSESFullAccess
  7. Choose Next:Tags and Review
  8. Give the role a name of your choosing, and choose Create Role

Navigate to Lambda Console

  1. Select Create Function
  2. Choose the box marked Author from Scratch
  3. Give the function a name of your choosing (Ex: TestSESfunction)
  4. In this demo, you will be using Python 3.8 runtime, but feel free to modify to your language of choice
  5. Select the Change default execution role dropdown, and choose the Use an existing role radio button
  6. Under Existing Role, choose the role that you created in the previous step, and create the function

Edit the function

  1. Navigate to the Function Code portion of the page and open the function python file
  2. Replace the default code with the code shown below, ensuring that you put your own values in based on your resources
  3. Values needed:
    1. Test Email Address: an email address you have access to
      1. NOTE: If you are still operating in the Amazon SES Sandbox, this will need to be a verified email in Amazon SES. To verify an email in Amazon SES, follow the process here. Alternatively, here is how you can move out of the Amazon SES Sandbox
    2. SourceArn: The arn of your domain. This can be found in Amazon SES Console → Domains → <YourDomain> → Identity ARN
    3. ReturnPathArn: The same as your Source ARN
    4. Source: This should be your Mail FROM Domain @ your domain
      1. Your Mail FROM Domain can be found under Domains → <YourDomain> → Mail FROM Domain dropdown
      2. Ex: [email protected]
    5. Use the following function code for this example

import json
import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

client = boto3.client('ses')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    # Try to send the email.
    try:
        #Provide the contents of the email.
        response = client.send_email(
            Destination={
                'ToAddresses': [
                    '<[email protected]>',
                ],
            },
            Message={
                'Body': {
                    'Html': {
                        'Charset': 'UTF-8',
                        'Data': 'This email was sent with Amazon SES.',
                    },
                },
                'Subject': {
                    'Charset': 'UTF-8',
                    'Data': 'Amazon SES Test',
                },
            },
            SourceArn='<your-ses-identity-ARN>',
            ReturnPathArn='<your-ses-identity-ARN>',
            Source='<[email protected]>',
             )
    # Display an error if something goes wrong.
    except ClientError as e:
        print(e.response['Error']['Message'])
    else:
        print("Email sent! Message ID:"),
        print(response['ResponseMetadata']['RequestId'])

  1. Once you have replaced the appropriate values, choose the Deploy button to deploy your changes

Run a Test invocation

  1. After you have deployed your changes, select the “Test” Panel above your function code

  1. You can leave all of these keys and values as default, as the function does not use any event parameters
  2. Choose the Invoke button in the top right corner
  3. You should see this above the test event window:

Verifying that the Email has been signed properly

Depending on your email provider, you may be able to check the DKIM signature directly in the application. As an example, for Outlook, right click on the message, and choose View Source from the menu. You should see line that shows the Authentication Results and whether or not the DKIM/SPF signature passed. For Gmail, go to your Gmail Inbox on the Gmail web app. Choose the message you wish to inspect, and choose the More Icon. Choose View Original from the drop-down menu. You should then see the SPF and DKIM “PASS” Results.

Cleanup

To clean up the resources in your account,

  1. Navigate to the Route53 Console
  2. Select the Hosted Zone you have been working with
  3. Select the CNAME, TXT, and MX records that you created earlier in this blog and delete them
  4. Navigate to the SES Console
  5. Select Domains
  6. Select the Domain that you have been working with
  7. Click the drop down Identity Policies and delete the one that you created in this blog
  8. If you verified a domain for the sake of this blog: navigate to the Domains tab, select the domain and select Remove
  9. Navigate to the Lambda Console
  10. Select Functions
  11. Select the function that you created in this exercise
  12. Select Actions and delete the function

Conclusion

In this blog post, we demonstrated how to delegate sending and management of your sub-domains to other AWS accounts while also complying with DMARC when using Amazon SES. In order to do this, you set up a sending identity so that Amazon SES automatically adds a DKIM signature to your messages. Additionally, you created a custom MAIL FROM domain to comply with SPF. Lastly, you authorized another AWS account to send emails from a sub-domain managed in a different account, and tested this using a Lambda function. Allowing other accounts the ability to manage and send email from your sub-domains provides flexibility and scalability for your organization without compromising on security.

Now that you have set up DMARC authentication for multiple accounts in your enviornment, head to the AWS Messaging & Targeting Blog to see examples of how you can combine Amazon SES with other AWS Services!

If you have more questions about Amazon Simple Email Service, check out our FAQs or our Developer Guide.

If you have feedback about this post, submit comments in the Comments section below.

Forwarding emails automatically based on content with Amazon Simple Email Service

Post Syndicated from Murat Balkan original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/forwarding-emails-automatically-based-on-content-with-amazon-simple-email-service/

Introduction

Email is one of the most popular channels consumers use to interact with support organizations. In its most basic form, consumers will send their email to a catch-all email address where it is further dispatched to the correct support group. Often, this requires a person to inspect content manually. Some IT organizations even have a dedicated support group that handles triaging the incoming emails before assigning them to specialized support teams. Triaging each email can be challenging, and delays in email routing and support processes can reduce customer satisfaction. By utilizing Amazon Simple Email Service’s deep integration with Amazon S3, AWS Lambda, and other AWS services, the task of categorizing and routing emails is automated. This automation results in increased operational efficiencies and reduced costs.

This blog post shows you how a serverless application will receive emails with Amazon SES and deliver them to an Amazon S3 bucket. The application uses Amazon Comprehend to identify the dominant language from the message body.  It then looks it up in an Amazon DynamoDB table to find the support group’s email address specializing in the email subject. As the last step, it forwards the email via Amazon SES to its destination. Archiving incoming emails to Amazon S3 also enables further processing or auditing.

Architecture

By completing the steps in this post, you will create a system that uses the architecture illustrated in the following image:

Architecture showing how to forward emails by content using Amazon SES

The flow of events starts when a customer sends an email to the generic support email address like [email protected]. This email is listened to by Amazon SES via a recipient rule. As per the rule, incoming messages are written to a specified Amazon S3 bucket with a given prefix.

This bucket and prefix are configured with S3 Events to trigger a Lambda function on object creation events. The Lambda function reads the email object, parses the contents, and sends them to Amazon Comprehend for language detection.

Amazon DynamoDB looks up the detected language code from an Amazon DynamoDB table, which includes the mappings between language codes and support group email addresses for these languages. One support group could answer English emails, while another support group answers French emails. The Lambda function determines the destination address and re-sends the same email address by performing an email forward operation. Suppose the lookup does not return any destination address, or the language was not be detected. In that case, the email is forwarded to a catch-all email address specified during the application deployment.

In this example, Amazon SES hosts the destination email addresses used for forwarding, but this is not a requirement. External email servers will also receive the forwarded emails.

Prerequisites

To use Amazon SES for receiving email messages, you need to verify a domain that you own. Refer to the documentation to verify your domain with Amazon SES console. If you do not have a domain name, you will register one from Amazon Route 53.

Deploying the Sample Application

Clone this GitHub repository to your local machine and install and configure AWS SAM with a test AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user.

You will use AWS SAM to deploy the remaining parts of this serverless architecture.

The AWS SAM template creates the following resources:

  • An Amazon DynamoDB mapping table (language-lookup) contains information about language codes and associates them with destination email addresses.
  • An AWS Lambda function (BlogEmailForwarder) that reads the email content parses it, detects the language, looks up the forwarding destination email address, and sends it.
  • An Amazon S3 bucket, which will store the incoming emails.
  • IAM roles and policies.

To start the AWS SAM deployment, navigate to the root directory of the repository you downloaded and where the template.yaml AWS SAM template resides. AWS SAM also requires you to specify an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket to hold the deployment artifacts. If you haven’t already created a bucket for this purpose, create one now. You will refer to the documentation to learn how to create an Amazon S3 bucket. The bucket should have read and write access by an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user.

At the command line, enter the following command to package the application:

sam package --template template.yaml --output-template-file output_template.yaml --s3-bucket BUCKET_NAME_HERE

In the preceding command, replace BUCKET_NAME_HERE with the name of the Amazon S3 bucket that should hold the deployment artifacts.

AWS SAM packages the application and copies it into this Amazon S3 bucket.

When the AWS SAM package command finishes running, enter the following command to deploy the package:

sam deploy --template-file output_template.yaml --stack-name blogstack --capabilities CAPABILITY_IAM --parameter-overrides [email protected] YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE [email protected] YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE

In the preceding command, change the YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE with the domain name you validated with Amazon SES. This domain also applies to other commands and configurations that will be introduced later.

This example uses “blogstack” as the stack name, you will change this to any other name you want. When you run this command, AWS SAM shows the progress of the deployment.

Configure the Sample Application

Now that you have deployed the application, you will configure it.

Configuring Receipt Rules

To deliver incoming messages to Amazon S3 bucket, you need to create a Rule Set and a Receipt rule under it.

Note: This blog uses Amazon SES console to create the rule sets. To create the rule sets with AWS CloudFormation, refer to the documentation.

  1. Navigate to the Amazon SES console. From the left navigation choose Rule Sets.
  2. Choose Create a Receipt Rule button at the right pane.
  3. Add [email protected]YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE as the first recipient addresses by entering it into the text box and choosing Add Recipient.

 

 

Choose the Next Step button to move on to the next step.

  1. On the Actions page, select S3 from the Add action drop-down to reveal S3 action’s details. Select the S3 bucket that was created by the AWS SAM template. It is in the format of your_stack_name-inboxbucket-randomstring. You will find the exact name in the outputs section of the AWS SAM deployment under the key name InboxBucket or by visiting the AWS CloudFormation console. Set the Object key prefix to info/. This tells Amazon SES to add this prefix to all messages destined to this recipient address. This way, you will re-use the same bucket for different recipients.

Choose the Next Step button to move on to the next step.

In the Rule Details page, give this rule a name at the Rule name field. This example uses the name info-recipient-rule. Leave the rest of the fields with their default values.

Choose the Next Step button to move on to the next step.

  1. Review your settings on the Review page and finalize rule creation by choosing Create Rule

  1. In this example, you will be hosting the destination email addresses in Amazon SES rather than forwarding the messages to an external email server. This way, you will be able to see the forwarded messages in your Amazon S3 bucket under different prefixes. To host the destination email addresses, you need to create different rules under the default rule set. Create three additional rules for [email protected]YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE , [email protected] YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE and [email protected]YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE email addresses by repeating the steps 2 to 5. For Amazon S3 prefixes, use catchall/, english/, and french/ respectively.

 

Configuring Amazon DynamoDB Table

To configure the Amazon DynamoDB table that is used by the sample application

  1. Navigate to Amazon DynamoDB console and reach the tables view. Inspect the table created by the AWS SAM application.

language-lookup table is the table where languages and their support group mappings are kept. You need to create an item for each language, and an item that will hold the default destination email address that will be used in case no language match is found. Amazon Comprehend supports more than 60 different languages. You will visit the documentation for the supported languages and add their language codes to this lookup table to enhance this application.

  1. To start inserting items, choose the language-lookup table to open table overview page.
  2. Select the Items tab and choose the Create item From the dropdown, select Text. Add the following JSON content and choose Save to create your first mapping object. While adding the following object, replace Destination attribute’s value with an email address you own. The email messages will be forwarded to that address.

{

  “language”: “en”,

  “destination”: “[email protected]_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE”

}

Lastly, create an item for French language support.

{

  “language”: “fr”,

  “destination”: “[email protected]_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE”

}

Testing

Now that the application is deployed and configured, you will test it.

  1. Use your favorite email client to send the following email to the domain name [email protected] email address.

Subject: I need help

Body:

Hello, I’d like to return the shoes I bought from your online store. How can I do this?

After the email is sent, navigate to the Amazon S3 console to inspect the contents of the Amazon S3 bucket that is backing the Amazon SES Rule Sets. You will also see the AWS Lambda logs from the Amazon CloudWatch console to confirm that the Lambda function is triggered and run successfully. You should receive an email with the same content at the address you defined for the English language.

  1. Next, send another email with the same content, this time in French language.

Subject: j’ai besoin d’aide

Body:

Bonjour, je souhaite retourner les chaussures que j’ai achetées dans votre boutique en ligne. Comment puis-je faire ceci?

 

Suppose a message is not matched to a language in the lookup table. In that case, the Lambda function will forward it to the catchall email address that you provided during the AWS SAM deployment.

You will inspect the new email objects under english/, french/ and catchall/ prefixes to observe the forwarding behavior.

Continue experimenting with the sample application by sending different email contents to [email protected] YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME_HERE address or adding other language codes and email address combinations into the mapping table. You will find the available languages and their codes in the documentation. When adding a new language support, don’t forget to associate a new email address and Amazon S3 bucket prefix by defining a new rule.

Cleanup

To clean up the resources you used in your account,

  1. Navigate to the Amazon S3 console and delete the inbox bucket’s contents. You will find the name of this bucket in the outputs section of the AWS SAM deployment under the key name InboxBucket or by visiting the AWS CloudFormation console.
  2. Navigate to AWS CloudFormation console and delete the stack named “blogstack”.
  3. After the stack is deleted, remove the domain from Amazon SES. To do this, navigate to the Amazon SES Console and choose Domains from the left navigation. Select the domain you want to remove and choose Remove button to remove it from Amazon SES.
  4. From the Amazon SES Console, navigate to the Rule Sets from the left navigation. On the Active Rule Set section, choose View Active Rule Set button and delete all the rules you have created, by selecting the rule and choosing Action, Delete.
  5. On the Rule Sets page choose Disable Active Rule Set button to disable listening for incoming email messages.
  6. On the Rule Sets page, Inactive Rule Sets section, delete the only rule set, by selecting the rule set and choosing Action, Delete.
  7. Navigate to CloudWatch console and from the left navigation choose Logs, Log groups. Find the log group that belongs to the BlogEmailForwarderFunction resource and delete it by selecting it and choosing Actions, Delete log group(s).
  8. You will also delete the Amazon S3 bucket you used for packaging and deploying the AWS SAM application.

 

Conclusion

This solution shows how to use Amazon SES to classify email messages by the dominant content language and forward them to respective support groups. You will use the same techniques to implement similar scenarios. You will forward emails based on custom key entities, like product codes, or you will remove PII information from emails before forwarding with Amazon Comprehend.

With its native integrations with AWS services, Amazon SES allows you to enhance your email applications with different AWS Cloud capabilities easily.

To learn more about email forwarding with Amazon SES, you will visit documentation and AWS blogs.

Maintain consistency in emails with custom content using Amazon SES templates

Post Syndicated from Seth Theeke original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/maintain-consistency-in-emails-with-custom-content-with-amazon-ses-templates/

When sending emails, content creators often want to add custom content such as images or videos while maintaining consistency in their messages. They also want to send those emails automatically once new content is ready. In this blog, we will show you how to create templates for emails with a common theme by combining Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) templates, AWS Lambda, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), and Amazon SES templates.

Promotional content (such as logos, images, videos, and more) can be stored, managed, and hosted in Amazon S3. You can then embed this content into promotional emails without making any changes to email templates or email processing. You can trigger a Lambda function to send promotional emails with the newly added content through using the Amazon SES SDK.

This post shows readers how to:

  • Create an Amazon SES email template with tags to be replaced by image URLs
  • Upload those templates to Amazon SES
  • Setup an AWS CloudFormation stack using the AWS Cloud Development Kit(AWS CDK)
  • Create a Lambda function and Amazon S3 bucket to send emails using the AWS SDK for Javascript

Solution Architecture

The proceeding image shows the architecture you will build as part of this post. You will use the AWS CDK to provision an Amazon S3 bucket, Lambda, and AWS Identity and Access Management(IAM) permissions. You will also use the AWS Command Line Interface(AWS CLI) to upload and manage our Amazon SES templates.

The architecture allows you to upload content to S3 which will trigger a Lambda function. That Lambda will form an Amazon SES request using the template you have uploaded and embed the S3 content as a parameter which will be sent to the user and render in their email client.

Metadata

Time to Read: ~ 20 minutes

Time to Complete: ~ 15 minutes

Cost to Complete: Free Tier

Learning Level: Intermediate

Services Used: Amazon Simple Email Service, Amazon Simple Storage Service, AWS Lambda

Prerequisites

For this walkthrough, you should have the following prerequisites:

Solution Overview

You will walk through creating Amazon SES templates and then a CloudFormation stack using the AWS CDK. You will then create a template file, a lambda directory, and a CDK application directory which should all be in the same level in your package structure in order to follow these steps explicitly.

Step 1: Create an Amazon SES template in JSON with a tag representing your image URL and upload via the CLI

Step 2: Initialize an AWS CDK package using the AWS CDK CLI and add necessary dependencies

Step 3: Initialize a NodeJS AWS Lambda package

Step 4: Provision an Amazon S3 bucket and Lambda in your AWS CDK app

Step 5: Configure your Lambda to be triggered when objects are added to S3

Step 6: Configure your Lambda’s IAM role to allow sending emails via Amazon SES

Step 7: Write necessary code for AWS Lambda to send emails via Amazon SES

Step 8: Deploy and Test!

Step 1: Create an Amazon SES Email template

Amazon SES Email templates are defined as a JSON object containing:

  • TemplateName – name of the template, must be unique across email templates and will be used by our Lambda to pass to Amazon SES
  • SubjectPart – represents the subject of the email
  • HtmlPart – represents the body of the email
  • TextPart – when email clients cannot render HTML, this is displayed instead of HtmlPart

More detailed information about email templates can be found in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

1.     Open your text editor and save the empty file as email-template.json

2.     Paste the following into your json file and save your changes

{
  "Template": {
    "TemplateName": "MyTemplate",
    "SubjectPart": "Greetings Customer",
    "HtmlPart": "<img src={{imageURL}} alt=\"logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\">",
    "TextPart": "Dear Customer,\r\nCheck out our website for new promotional content."
  }
}

This template has a single tag called imageURL which will be replaced during execution with our content’s S3 URL.

3.     Run the following AWS CLI command to upload your template to Amazon SES

aws ses create-template --cli-input-json file://email-template.json

4.     Once your template has been uploaded, you can confirm its creation by logging into the AWS Console, navigating to Amazon SES, and then selecting Email Templates

Step 2: Initialize an AWS CDK package and add necessary dependencies

In this section, you will be using the AWS CDK CLI to initialize a new code package and add the dependencies for Lambda and Amazon S3.

1.     Create a new directory at the same level as email-template.json called email-infrastructure

2.     Navigate to the promotional-email-infrastructure directory and run the following CDK CLI command to generate the skeleton for your cdk application

cdk init app --language=typescript

3.     Add dependencies for Amazon S3, Lambda, and IAM by adding the following lines to your dependencies section of your package.json and then run npm install

"@aws-cdk/aws-lambda": "1.86.0"
"@aws-cdk/aws-lambda-event-sources": "1.86.0"
"@aws-cdk/aws-s3": "1.86.0"
"@aws-cdk/aws-iam": "1.86.0"

Make sure to install the version of these dependencies that matches the version of the aws-cdk stack so you don’t run into compatibility issues.

Step 3: Create a NodeJS Lambda package

In this step, you will create the barebones for our Lambda function that will call Amazon SES and revisit in step 7 to implement the handler

1.     Create a new directory at the same level as email-template.json called email-lambda

2.     Add a package.json file in the email-lambda directory that looks like the following

{
    "name": "email-lambda",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "main": "index.js",
    "dependencies": {
        "aws-sdk": "2.831.0"
    }
}

3.     Add a file called index.js, this will be our Lambda handler and will look like the following for now. Make sure to insert your verified email address into the testAddress variable, this will be used later as both your to and from address for testing.

var AWS = require("aws-sdk");
var ses = new AWS.SES({apiVersion: "2010-12-01"});
var testAddress = "INSERT_VERIFIED_EMAIL_HERE";

exports.handler = async function(event) { 
    console.log(JSON.stringify(event));
    return "200";
}

4.     Finish this step by running npm install in the email-lambda directory to install the aws-sdk dependencies you will use in a later step. Your top-level directory structure should look like the following:

  • email-template.json – contains your email template from step 1
  • email-infrastructure – contains your CDK stack from step 2
  • email-lambda – contains your email lambda function code from step 3

Step 4: Provision an Amazon S3 bucket and Lambda function in your CDK app

In this step, you will add an Amazon S3 bucket and a NodeJS Lambda function into our CDK application based on what you setup in previous steps. After this, you will connect all the pieces together.

1.     Import all the services you need into our CDK stack construct. The imports you will need are listed below, copy them into your editor in the imports section.

import * as s3 from '@aws-cdk/aws-s3';
import * as lambda from '@aws-cdk/aws-lambda';
import * as lambdaEventSource from '@aws-cdk/aws-lambda-event-sources';
import * as iam from '@aws-cdk/aws-iam';
import path = require('path');

2.     Add S3 bucket to CDK App by adding an instance of the Bucket construct

const promotionalContentBucket = new s3.Bucket(this, "DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET");

3.     Similarly, add your Lambda function by creating an instance of the Function construct referencing your Lambda function package by path

const emailLambda = new lambda.Function(this, "EmailLambda", {
    code: lambda.Code.fromAsset(path.join(__dirname, "../../email-lambda")),
    handler: "index.handler",
    runtime: lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_12_X
});

4.     Execute npm run build in your CDK directory to ensure you’ve setup the package correctly. You can get additional help from the Troubleshooting Guide for CDK

Step 5: Configure Lambda with an S3 Event Source

In this step, you will configure your Lambda function to be triggered when objects are added to your Amazon S3 bucket by using the Lambda event sources module for CDK.

1.     Create an instance of the S3EventSource construct in your stack for OBJECT_CREATED events only because you don’t want to trigger a lambda invocation when an object is removed for this post

const s3EventSource = new lambdaEventSource.S3EventSource(promotionalContentBucket, {
    events: [s3.EventType.OBJECT_CREATED]
});

2.     Now that you have an event source defined, you need to add the event source to your Lambda function

emailLambda.addEventSource(s3EventSource);

3.     Add the Amazon S3 bucket’s domain name as an environment variable so you can reference objects by URL by adding the environment property to your Lambda function like below.

environment: {
    "BUCKET_DOMAIN_NAME": promotionalContentBucket.bucketDomainName
}

Step 6: Configure the email Lambda IAM role

In this step, you will add an IAM policy statement to your email Lambda’s execution role so it can call Amazon SES.

1.     Add an IAM PolicyStatement construct with effect ALLOW on all resources with SendTemplatedEmail action

const emailPolicyStatement = new iam.PolicyStatement({
    effect: iam.Effect.ALLOW,
    actions: ["ses:SendTemplatedEmail"],
    resources: ["*"]
});

2.     Finish this step by adding your newly created policy to the Lambda execution role

emailLambda.addToRolePolicy(emailPolicyStatement)

Step 7: Add Lambda implementation to send templated emails

You will use the AWS NodeJS Amazon SES SDK to send emails using the SendTemplatedEmail API. Our implementation will assume a batch of size 1 for each Lambda invocation for simplicity.

1.     Replace your function handler in the email Lambda function with the code below. This will read the S3Event’s first record, prepare parameters for the Amazon SES SDK call and invoke the sendTemplatedEmail function with the imageURL embedded into your previously created template.

exports.handler =  async function(event) {  
    console.log(JSON.stringify(event));
    let s3Object = event.Records[0];
    let sendEmailParams = {
        Destination: {
            ToAddresses: [testAddress]
        },
        Template: 'MyTemplate',
        TemplateData: JSON.stringify({
            "imageURL": process.env.BUCKET_DOMAIN_NAME + "/" + s3Object.s3.object.key,
        }),
        Source: testAddress
    };
    let response = await ses.sendTemplatedEmail(sendEmailParams).promise();
    return response;
}

2.     Deploy your stack with the CDK CLI by running cdk deploy, this may take a couple minutes. If you run into problems, see the Troubleshooting Guide for CDK.

Step 8: Test your System

At this point, you should have an Amazon SES template uploaded to your account as well as a CloudFormation stack that contains an Amazon S3 bucket and a Lambda function that is triggered when objects are added to that bucket and had permissions to invoke Amazon SES APIs. Now you will test the system by adding an image into our Amazon S3 bucket.

1.     Log in to the AWS Console

2.     Navigate to Amazon S3

3.     Select your promotional content bucket from the list of buckets

4.     Click Upload on the right-hand side of the screen

5.     Add an image from your computer by clicking Add files

6.     Scroll down to the bottom and expand Additional Upload Options

7.     Scroll down to Access Control List

8.     Select the check boxes for Read for Everyone(public access) so the images are accessible when the user opens their email

9.     Scroll down to the bottom and select Upload

10.     Done! You should have an email in your inbox shortly that renders the image you just uploaded. Check the Lambda logs and errors in case you don’t see your email.

Cleaning up

To avoid incurring future charges, delete your CloudFormation stack by running cdk destroy or manually through the AWS Console. Keep in mind, by default Amazon S3 buckets won’t be deleted so you will need to navigate to Amazon S3 in the AWS Console, clear the bucket of any objects and then manually delete the resource.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You now have an understanding of how to combine Amazon SES templates with Amazon S3 and Lambda to inject custom images into emails without the need for any servers and have launched this stack using the AWS Cloud Development Kit.

Author Bio

My name is Seth Theeke, I work as a Software Development Engineer in Amazon Freight. I’ve been working with AWS since 2016 and hold a Developer Associate Certification. I love soccer and I love software engineering, the simplest things in life!

Amazon SES celebrates 10 years of email sending and deliverability

Post Syndicated from Simon Poile original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/amazon-ses-celebrates-10-years-of-email-sending-and-deliverability/

Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) turns 10 years old today. Back on January 25th 2011, Amazon Web Services (AWS) had only 15 services. Today, AWS has grown to over 180 services. Jeff Barr launched Amazon SES as part of his web evangelist blog. Much of what he wrote about then is still true today. Even 10 years later, email is an important channel for customer communications. Developers still want to rely on a trusted global partner to deliver email at scale. However, mailbox providers are even more protective of their end users’ security. They actively work to ensure that any perceived, unwanted email doesn’t make it to the inbox.

Inbox providers use several factors to determine the legitimacy of email traffic. Over the last decade, we have worked diligently to measure many of those factors in Amazon SES to help our customers achieve great deliverability. The focus for much of that work has been a combination of investments into reputation, engagement, and trust. I want to outline what we’ve accomplished to improve your email sending over the last 10 years.

Reputation

Reputation is the measurement mailbox providers use to determine how closely you follow their sending standards. Amazon SES measures perceived reputation through metrics such as bounce rate or complaint rate in the reputation dashboard. The reputation dashboard also shares overall Amazon SES account sending status like “Healthy” or “Under Review.” Some Inbox providers, or ISPs, also provide feedback to help us measure the effectiveness of a specific IP or domain in sending trustworthy traffic.

You can influence reputation in Amazon SES through:

  • Setting up dedicated IPs: Set up IPs in Amazon SES for your own specific sending with appropriate warm-up plans. Split IPs out by use case such as separating password resets from marketing messages.
  • Customer owned IPs (New in 2020): You can now transition IPs you’ve invested in through your own data center or with another ESP to Amazon SES without interruption.
  • Following sending volume best practices: Nothing can flag your IP addresses faster than non-predictable sending patterns. We help you manage this through sending quotas.
  • Use our SES email simulator: Test your application sending without messages leaving the sandbox.

 

Engagement

Engagement is the rate by which customers are interacting with your content. Amazon SES helps you measure engagement through conversion rates (such as open or click-through) and unsubscribe rates. These are measured in the event publishing click stream. This area is more of an art in our deliverability calculus because success varies by industry and use case.

You can influence engagement in Amazon SES through:

  • Customizing content as much as possible, but follow content best practices to avoid setting off content filters. Mailbox providers often utilize behavioral content filtering using AI to determine if your content is relevant based on engagement behavior.
  • Use consent and list management (New in 2020) with customized topics and opt-out pages. It’s important to offer recipients a way to select what emails they want to receive from you and give them an option to opt-out. This is a great new feature that we’ve added based on customer feedback.
  • Remove emails that are not engaging from your lists. Some customers have a time limit, for example, 60 days, before they are automatically removed from an active email list.

 

Trust

Earning trust on email sending is done through the adherence to proper sending behavior, as measured by both individual ISPs as well as industry watch-groups. Trust is closely related to reputation.  We measure trust through messages in the reputation dashboard based on feedback loops, Real-time Blocklists (RBLs), and spam-traps. You can also see the complaint rate associated to your sending in the complaint area of the reputation dashboard. It has statuses like healthy or under review.

You can influence trust in Amazon SES through:

 

Deliverability is a multi-dimensional part of email sending, beyond just setting up an SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) endpoint, with constant complexities. But, we’re here to help. In addition to these investments in deliverability, we’ve also expanded Amazon SES to 18 regions, including the government cloud. It’s been an exciting time at AWS, and we look forward to supporting all of our customers in the years to come with Amazon SES.

 

 

 

 

Use Macie to discover sensitive data as part of automated data pipelines

Post Syndicated from Brandon Wu original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/use-macie-to-discover-sensitive-data-as-part-of-automated-data-pipelines/

Data is a crucial part of every business and is used for strategic decision making at all levels of an organization. To extract value from their data more quickly, Amazon Web Services (AWS) customers are building automated data pipelines—from data ingestion to transformation and analytics. As part of this process, my customers often ask how to prevent sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information, from being ingested into data lakes when it’s not needed. They highlight that this challenge is compounded when ingesting unstructured data—such as files from process reporting, text files from chat transcripts, and emails. They also mention that identifying sensitive data inadvertently stored in structured data fields—such as in a comment field stored in a database—is also a challenge.

In this post, I show you how to integrate Amazon Macie as part of the data ingestion step in your data pipeline. This solution provides an additional checkpoint that sensitive data has been appropriately redacted or tokenized prior to ingestion. Macie is a fully managed data security and privacy service that uses machine learning and pattern matching to discover sensitive data in AWS.

When Macie discovers sensitive data, the solution notifies an administrator to review the data and decide whether to allow the data pipeline to continue ingesting the objects. If allowed, the objects will be tagged with an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) object tag to identify that sensitive data was found in the object before progressing to the next stage of the pipeline.

This combination of automation and manual review helps reduce the risk that sensitive data—such as personally identifiable information—will be ingested into a data lake. This solution can be extended to fit your use case and workflows. For example, you can define custom data identifiers as part of your scans, add additional validation steps, create Macie suppression rules to archive findings automatically, or only request manual approvals for findings that meet certain criteria (such as high severity findings).

Solution overview

Many of my customers are building serverless data lakes with Amazon S3 as the primary data store. Their data pipelines commonly use different S3 buckets at each stage of the pipeline. I refer to the S3 bucket for the first stage of ingestion as the raw data bucket. A typical pipeline might have separate buckets for raw, curated, and processed data representing different stages as part of their data analytics pipeline.

Typically, customers will perform validation and clean their data before moving it to a raw data zone. This solution adds validation steps to that pipeline after preliminary quality checks and data cleaning is performed, noted in blue (in layer 3) of Figure 1. The layers outlined in the pipeline are:

  1. Ingestion – Brings data into the data lake.
  2. Storage – Provides durable, scalable, and secure components to store the data—typically using S3 buckets.
  3. Processing – Transforms data into a consumable state through data validation, cleanup, normalization, transformation, and enrichment. This processing layer is where the additional validation steps are added to identify instances of sensitive data that haven’t been appropriately redacted or tokenized prior to consumption.
  4. Consumption – Provides tools to gain insights from the data in the data lake.

 

Figure 1: Data pipeline with sensitive data scan

Figure 1: Data pipeline with sensitive data scan

The application runs on a scheduled basis (four times a day, every 6 hours by default) to process data that is added to the raw data S3 bucket. You can customize the application to perform a sensitive data discovery scan during any stage of the pipeline. Because most customers do their extract, transform, and load (ETL) daily, the application scans for sensitive data on a scheduled basis before any crawler jobs run to catalog the data and after typical validation and data redaction or tokenization processes complete.

You can expect that this additional validation will add 5–10 minutes to your pipeline execution at a minimum. The validation processing time will scale linearly based on object size, but there is a start-up time per job that is constant.

If sensitive data is found in the objects, an email is sent to the designated administrator requesting an approval decision, which they indicate by selecting the link corresponding to their decision to approve or deny the next step. In most cases, the reviewer will choose to adjust the sensitive data cleanup processes to remove the sensitive data, deny the progression of the files, and re-ingest the files in the pipeline.

Additional considerations for deploying this application for regular use are discussed at the end of the blog post.

Application components

The following resources are created as part of the application:

Note: the application uses various AWS services, and there are costs associated with these resources after the Free Tier usage. See AWS Pricing for details. The primary drivers of the solution cost will be the amount of data ingested through the pipeline, both for Amazon S3 storage and data processed for sensitive data discovery with Macie.

The architecture of the application is shown in Figure 2 and described in the text that follows.
 

Figure 2: Application architecture and logic

Figure 2: Application architecture and logic

Application logic

  1. Objects are uploaded to the raw data S3 bucket as part of the data ingestion process.
  2. A scheduled EventBridge rule runs the sensitive data scan Step Functions workflow.
  3. triggerMacieScan Lambda function moves objects from the raw data S3 bucket to the scan stage S3 bucket.
  4. triggerMacieScan Lambda function creates a Macie sensitive data discovery job on the scan stage S3 bucket.
  5. checkMacieStatus Lambda function checks the status of the Macie sensitive data discovery job.
  6. isMacieStatusCompleteChoice Step Functions Choice state checks whether the Macie sensitive data discovery job is complete.
    1. If yes, the getMacieFindingsCount Lambda function runs.
    2. If no, the Step Functions Wait state waits 60 seconds and then restarts Step 5.
  7. getMacieFindingsCount Lambda function counts all of the findings from the Macie sensitive data discovery job.
  8. isSensitiveDataFound Step Functions Choice state checks whether sensitive data was found in the Macie sensitive data discovery job.
    1. If there was sensitive data discovered, run the triggerManualApproval Lambda function.
    2. If there was no sensitive data discovered, run the moveAllScanStageS3Files Lambda function.
  9. moveAllScanStageS3Files Lambda function moves all of the objects from the scan stage S3 bucket to the scanned data S3 bucket.
  10. triggerManualApproval Lambda function tags and moves objects with sensitive data discovered to the manual review S3 bucket, and moves objects with no sensitive data discovered to the scanned data S3 bucket. The function then sends a notification to the ApprovalRequestNotification Amazon SNS topic as a notification that manual review is required.
  11. Email is sent to the email address that’s subscribed to the ApprovalRequestNotification Amazon SNS topic (from the application deployment template) for the manual review user with the option to Approve or Deny pipeline ingestion for these objects.
  12. Manual review user assesses the objects with sensitive data in the manual review S3 bucket and selects the Approve or Deny links in the email.
  13. The decision request is sent from the Amazon API Gateway to the receiveApprovalDecision Lambda function.
  14. manualApprovalChoice Step Functions Choice state checks the decision from the manual review user.
    1. If denied, run the deleteManualReviewS3Files Lambda function.
    2. If approved, run the moveToScannedDataS3Files Lambda function.
  15. deleteManualReviewS3Files Lambda function deletes the objects from the manual review S3 bucket.
  16. moveToScannedDataS3Files Lambda function moves the objects from the manual review S3 bucket to the scanned data S3 bucket.
  17. The next step of the automated data pipeline will begin with the objects in the scanned data S3 bucket.

Prerequisites

For this application, you need the following prerequisites:

You can use AWS Cloud9 to deploy the application. AWS Cloud9 includes the AWS CLI and AWS SAM CLI to simplify setting up your development environment.

Deploy the application with AWS SAM CLI

You can deploy this application using the AWS SAM CLI. AWS SAM uses AWS CloudFormation as the underlying deployment mechanism. AWS SAM is an open-source framework that you can use to build serverless applications on AWS.

To deploy the application

  1. Initialize the serverless application using the AWS SAM CLI from the GitHub project in the aws-samples repository. This will clone the project locally which includes the source code for the Lambda functions, Step Functions state machine definition file, and the AWS SAM template. On the command line, run the following: 
    sam init --location gh: aws-samples/amazonmacie-datapipeline-scan

    Alternatively, you can clone the Github project directly.

  2. Deploy your application to your AWS account. On the command line, run the following: 
    sam deploy --guided

    Complete the prompts during the guided interactive deployment. The first deployment prompt is shown in the following example.

    Configuring SAM deploy
======================

        Looking for config file [samconfig.toml] :  Found
        Reading default arguments  :  Success

        Setting default arguments for 'sam deploy'
        =========================================
        Stack Name [maciepipelinescan]:

  3. Settings:
    • Stack Name – Name of the CloudFormation stack to be created.
    • AWS Region – Region—for example, us-west-2, eu-west-1, ap-southeast-1—to deploy the application to. This application was tested in the us-west-2 and ap-southeast-1 Regions. Before selecting a Region, verify that the services you need are available in those Regions (for example, Macie and Step Functions).
    • Parameter StepFunctionName – Name of the Step Functions state machine to be created—for example, maciepipelinescanstatemachine).
    • Parameter BucketNamePrefix – Prefix to apply to the S3 buckets to be created (S3 bucket names are globally unique, so choosing a random prefix helps ensure uniqueness).
    • Parameter ApprovalEmailDestination – Email address to receive the manual review notification.
    • Parameter EnableMacie – Whether you need Macie enabled in your account or Region. You can select yes or no; select yes if you need Macie to be enabled for you as part of this template, select no, if you already have Macie enabled.
  4. Confirm changes and provide approval for AWS SAM CLI to deploy the resources to your AWS account by responding y to prompts, as shown in the following example. You can accept the defaults for the SAM configuration file and SAM configuration environment prompts. 
    #Shows you resources changes to be deployed and require a 'Y' to initiate deploy
Confirm changes before deploy [y/N]: y
#SAM needs permission to be able to create roles to connect to the resources in your template
Allow SAM CLI IAM role creation [Y/n]: y
ReceiveApprovalDecisionAPI may not have authorization defined, Is this okay? [y/N]: y
ReceiveApprovalDecisionAPI may not have authorization defined, Is this okay? [y/N]: y
Save arguments to configuration file [Y/n]: y
SAM configuration file [samconfig.toml]: 
SAM configuration environment [default]:

    Note: This application deploys an Amazon API Gateway with two REST API resources without authorization defined to receive the decision from the manual review step. You will be prompted to accept each resource without authorization. A token (Step Functions taskToken) is used to authenticate the requests.

  5. This creates an AWS CloudFormation changeset. Once the changeset creation is complete, you must provide a final confirmation of y to Deploy the changeset? [y/N] when prompted as shown in the following example. 
    Changeset created successfully. arn:aws:cloudformation:ap-southeast-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:changeSet/samcli-deploy1605213119/db681961-3635-4305-b1c7-dcc754c7XXXX


Previewing CloudFormation changeset before deployment
======================================================
Deploy this changeset? [y/N]:

Your application is deployed to your account using AWS CloudFormation. You can track the deployment events in the command prompt or via the AWS CloudFormation console.

After the application deployment is complete, you must confirm the subscription to the Amazon SNS topic. An email will be sent to the email address entered in Step 3 with a link that you need to select to confirm the subscription. This confirmation provides opt-in consent for AWS to send emails to you via the specified Amazon SNS topic. The emails will be notifications of potentially sensitive data that need to be approved. If you don’t see the verification email, be sure to check your spam folder.

Test the application

The application uses an EventBridge scheduled rule to start the sensitive data scan workflow, which runs every 6 hours. You can manually start an execution of the workflow to verify that it’s working. To test the function, you will need a file that contains data that matches your rules for sensitive data. For example, it is easy to create a spreadsheet, document, or text file that contains names, addresses, and numbers formatted like credit card numbers. You can also use this generated sample data to test Macie.

We will test by uploading a file to our S3 bucket via the AWS web console. If you know how to copy objects from the command line, that also works.

Upload test objects to the S3 bucket

  1. Navigate to the Amazon S3 console and upload one or more test objects to the <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-raw bucket. <BucketNamePrefix> is the prefix you entered when deploying the application in the AWS SAM CLI prompts. You can use any objects as long as they’re a supported file type for Amazon Macie. I suggest uploading multiple objects, some with and some without sensitive data, in order to see how the workflow processes each.

Start the Scan State Machine

  1. Navigate to the Step Functions state machines console. If you don’t see your state machine, make sure you’re connected to the same region that you deployed your application to.
  2. Choose the state machine you created using the AWS SAM CLI as seen in Figure 3. The example state machine is maciepipelinescanstatemachine, but you might have used a different name in your deployment.
     
    Figure 3: AWS Step Functions state machines console

    Figure 3: AWS Step Functions state machines console

  3. Select the Start execution button and copy the value from the Enter an execution name – optional box. Change the Input – optional value replacing <execution id> with the value just copied as follows: 
    {
    “id”: “<execution id>”
}

    In my example, the <execution id> is fa985a4f-866b-b58b-d91b-8a47d068aa0c from the Enter an execution name – optional box as shown in Figure 4. You can choose a different ID value if you prefer. This ID is used by the workflow to tag the objects being processed to ensure that only objects that are scanned continue through the pipeline. When the EventBridge scheduled event starts the workflow as scheduled, an ID is included in the input to the Step Functions workflow. Then select Start execution again.
     

    Figure 4: New execution dialog box

    Figure 4: New execution dialog box

  4. You can see the status of your workflow execution in the Graph inspector as shown in Figure 5. In the figure, the workflow is at the pollForCompletionWait step.
     
    Figure 5: AWS Step Functions graph inspector

    Figure 5: AWS Step Functions graph inspector

The sensitive discovery job should run for about five to ten minutes. The jobs scale linearly based on object size, but there is a start-up time per job that is constant. If sensitive data is found in the objects uploaded to the <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-upload S3 bucket, an email is sent to the address provided during the AWS SAM deployment step, notifying the recipient requesting of the need for an approval decision, which they indicate by selecting the link corresponding to their decision to approve or deny the next step as shown in Figure 6.
 

Figure 6: Sensitive data identified email

Figure 6: Sensitive data identified email

When you receive this notification, you can investigate the findings by reviewing the objects in the <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-manual-review S3 bucket. Based on your review, you can either apply remediation steps to remove any sensitive data or allow the data to proceed to the next step of the data ingestion pipeline. You should define a standard response process to address discovery of sensitive data in the data pipeline. Common remediation steps include review of the files for sensitive data, deleting the files that you do not want to progress, and updating the ETL process to redact or tokenize sensitive data when re-ingesting into the pipeline. When you re-ingest the files into the pipeline without sensitive data, the files will not be flagged by Macie.

The workflow performs the following:

  • If you select Approve, the files are moved to the <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-scanned-data S3 bucket with an Amazon S3 SensitiveDataFound object tag with a value of true.
  • If you select Deny, the files are deleted from the <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-manual-review S3 bucket.
  • If no action is taken, the Step Functions workflow execution times out after five days and the file will automatically be deleted from the <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-manual-review S3 bucket after 10 days.

Clean up the application

You’ve successfully deployed and tested the sensitive data pipeline scan workflow. To avoid ongoing charges for resources you created, you should delete all associated resources by deleting the CloudFormation stack. In order to delete the CloudFormation stack, you must first delete all objects that are stored in the S3 buckets that you created for the application.

To delete the application

  1. Empty the S3 buckets created in this application (<BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-raw S3 bucket, <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-scan-stage, <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-manual-review, and <BucketNamePrefix>-data-pipeline-scanned-data).
  2. Delete the CloudFormation stack used to deploy the application.

Considerations for regular use

Before using this application in a production data pipeline, you will need to stop and consider some practical matters. First, the notification mechanism used when sensitive data is identified in the objects is email. Email doesn’t scale: you should expand this solution to integrate with your ticketing or workflow management system. If you choose to use email, subscribe a mailing list so that the work of reviewing and responding to alerts is shared across a team.

Second, the application is run on a scheduled basis (every 6 hours by default). You should consider starting the application when your preliminary validations have completed and are ready to perform a sensitive data scan on the data as part of your pipeline. You can modify the EventBridge Event Rule to run in response to an Amazon EventBridge event instead of a scheduled basis.

Third, the application currently uses a 60 second Step Functions Wait state when polling for the Macie discovery job completion. In real world scenarios, the discovery scan will take 10 minutes at a minimum, likely several orders of magnitude longer. You should evaluate the typical execution times for your application execution and tune the polling period accordingly. This will help reduce costs related to running Lambda functions and log storage within CloudWatch Logs. The polling period is defined in the Step Functions state machine definition file (macie_pipeline_scan.asl.json) under the pollForCompletionWait state.

Fourth, the application currently doesn’t account for false positives in the sensitive data discovery job results. Also, the application will progress or delete all objects identified based on the decision by the reviewer. You should consider expanding the application to handle false positives through automation rather than manual review / intervention (such as deleting the files from the manual review bucket or removing the sensitive data tags applied).

Last, the solution will stop the ingestion of a subset of objects into your pipeline. This behavior is similar to other validation and data quality checks that most customers perform as part of the data pipeline. However, you should test to ensure that this will not cause unexpected outcomes and address them in your downstream application logic accordingly.

Conclusion

In this post, I showed you how to integrate sensitive data discovery using Macie as an additional validation step in an automated data pipeline. You’ve reviewed the components of the application, deployed it using the AWS SAM CLI, tested to validate that the application functions as expected, and cleaned up by removing deployed resources.

You now know how to integrate sensitive data scanning into your ETL pipeline. You can use automation and—where required—manual review to help reduce the risk of sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information, being inadvertently ingested into a data lake. You can take this application and customize it to fit your use case and workflows, such as using custom data identifiers as part of your scans, adding additional validation steps, creating Macie suppression rules to define cases to archive findings automatically, or only request manual approvals for findings that meet certain criteria (such as high severity findings).

If you have feedback about this post, submit comments in the Comments section below. If you have questions about this post, start a new thread on the Amazon Macie forum.

Want more AWS Security how-to content, news, and feature announcements? Follow us on Twitter.

Author

Brandon Wu

Brandon is a security solutions architect helping financial services organizations secure their critical workloads on AWS. In his spare time, he enjoys exploring outdoors and experimenting in the kitchen.

How Amazon Simple Email Service supported the growth of email in 2020

Post Syndicated from Simon Poile original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/how-amazon-simple-email-service-supported-the-growth-of-email-in-2020/

Over the last 12 months, organizations of all types have increasingly needed to stay connected to their customers. With the move to virtual interactions accelerating across industries, email has remained a trusted channel for customer communications. Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) has seen record outbound email traffic in 2020, supporting critical customer communications during COVID and commercial moments like Black Friday and Cyber Monday.

The importance of email during COVID

Unlike real-time communications like voice or live chat, email is asynchronous. It can be read and consumed at the customer’s leisure. In some geographies like North America, email also represents an individual’s unique identity, persisting longer than mobile phone numbers or social networking accounts. Even with the importance of email established before 2020, it was important to most organizations to send only the right messages during the COVID crisis.

Many organizations chose to decrease promotional or marketing emails during the pandemic voluntarily. This decrease in sending was to recognize the increased stress most individuals were facing in their personal lives. However, even with the drop in marketing emails across organizational types, there was an increased need to communicate and maintain customer engagement. Most organizations went through three distinct customer communication phases with email in 2020: React, Respond, and Reimagine.

  • React – These were the initial emails sent to acknowledge the COVID crisis, occurring early in 2020. These emails included messages reinforcing commitment to customer health, employee safety, or communicating new cleaning protocols.
  • Respond – These messages often included communication on the status of the business or event. Most businesses needed to communicate their transition to remote work, temporary closures, and many in-person events canceled.
  • Reimagine – Throughout the crisis, organizations were reimagining how to do business. Healthcare started operating video consultations, and restaurants shifted to pick up/take out only. Email communication was vital to take customers on the journey into this “new normal,” even as some businesses started to reopen.

To send these customer communications at scale, many organizations worked with Amazon SES.

How Amazon SES scaled and supported customers in 2020

Amazon SES saw several sending spikes that aligned with organizations working to communicate with their customers during COVID. Nine times in 2020, transactions per second (TPS) in Amazon SES exceeding 150% of the previous record held by 2019 Black Friday. This over 150% TPS spike also occurred on 2020 Black Friday and Cyber Monday.

In addition to supporting those upsurges in throughput, the Amazon SES team also responded to customer feedback on increasing the global footprint of Amazon SES. Since January, Amazon SES increased the total number of regions supported from 7 to 14, including the US government cloud. These additional regions were deployed during 2020 as the team worked remotely. This regional expansion enabled customers to adhere to local data sovereignty requirements for email sending while also improving performance.

Customers also told us they needed tools to help them manage compliance with important governance laws like CAN-SPAM and GDPR. Amazon SES released list management to help organizations manage their customer’s contact information and preferences.

Looking forward

As we move into 2021, email will remain at the forefront of customer communication channels. Enterprise customers like Netflix and Duolingo rely on Amazon SES to deliver their email at scale. For more information on how you can use Amazon SES, visit our website.

Analyze and improve email campaigns with Amazon Simple Email Service and Amazon QuickSight

Post Syndicated from Apoorv Gakhar original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/analyze-and-improve-email-campaigns-with-amazon-simple-email-service-and-amazon-quicksight/

Email is a popular channel for applications, used in both marketing campaigns and other outbound customer communications. The challenge with email is that it can become increasingly complex to manage for companies that must send large quantities of messages per month. This complexity is especially true when companies need to measure detailed email engagement metrics to track campaign success.

As a marketer, you want to monitor several metrics, including open rates, click-through rates, bounce rates, and delivery rates. If you do not track your email results, you could potentially be wasting your campaign resources. Monitoring and interpreting your sending results can help you deliver the best content possible to your subscribers’ inboxes, and it can also ensure that your IP reputation stays high. Mailbox providers prioritize inbox placement for senders that deliver relevant content. As a business professional, tracking your emails can also help you stay on top of hot leads and important clients. For example, if someone has opened your email multiple times in one day, it might be a good idea to send out another follow-up email to touch base.

Building a large-scale email solution is a complex and expensive challenge for any business. You would need to build infrastructure, assemble your network, and warm up your IP addresses. Alternatively, working with some third-party email solutions require contract negotiations and upfront costs.

Fortunately, Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) has a highly scalable and reliable backend infrastructure to reduce the preceding challenges. It has improved content filtering techniques, reputation management features, and a vast array of analytics and reporting functions. These features help email senders reach their audiences and make it easier to manage email channels across applications. Amazon SES also provides API operations to monitor your sending activities through simple API calls. You can publish these events to Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, or by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS).

In this post, you learn how to build and automate a serverless architecture that analyzes email events. We explore how to track important metrics such as open and click rate of the emails.

Solution overview

 

The metrics that you can measure using Amazon SES are referred to as email sending events. You can use Amazon CloudWatch to retrieve Amazon SES event data. You can also use Amazon SNS to interpret Amazon SES event data. However, in this post, we are going to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to monitor our user sending activity.

Enable Amazon SES configuration sets with open and click metrics and publish email sending events to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose as JSON records. A Lambda function is used to parse the JSON records and publish the content in the Amazon S3 bucket.

Ingested data lands in an Amazon S3 bucket that we refer to as the raw zone. To make that data available, you have to catalog its schema in the AWS Glue data catalog. You create and run the AWS Glue crawler that crawls your data sources and construct your Data Catalog. The Data Catalog uses pre-built classifiers for many popular source formats and data types, including JSON, CSV, and Parquet.

When the crawler is finished creating the table definition and schema, you analyze the data using Amazon Athena. It is an interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3 using SQL. Point to your data in Amazon S3, define the schema, and start querying using standard SQL, with most results delivered in seconds.

Now you can build visualizations, perform ad hoc analysis, and quickly get business insights from the Amazon SES event data using Amazon QuickSight. You can easily run SQL queries using Amazon Athena on data stored in Amazon S3, and build business dashboards within Amazon QuickSight.

 

Deploying the architecture:

Configuring Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to write to Amazon S3:

  1. Navigate to the Amazon Kinesis in the AWS Management Console. Choose Kinesis Data Firehose and create a delivery stream.
  2. Enter delivery stream name as “SES_Firehose_Demo”.
  3. Under the source category, select “Direct Put or other sources”.
  4. On the next page, make sure to enable Data Transformation of source records with AWS Lambda. We use AWS Lambda to parse the notification contents that we only process the required information as per the use case.
  5. Click the “Create New” Lambda function.
  6. Click on “General Kinesis Data FirehoseProcessing” Lambda blueprint and this opens up the Lambda console. Enter following values in Lambda
    • Name: SES-Firehose-Json-Parser
    • Execution role: Create a new role with basic Lambda permissions.
  7. Click “Create Function”. Now replace the Lambda code with the following provided code and save the function. 
    • 'use strict';
console.log('Loading function');
exports.handler = (event, context, callback) => {
   /* Process the list of records and transform them */
    const output = event.records.map((record) => {
        console.log(record.recordId);
        const payload =JSON.parse((Buffer.from(record.data, 'base64').toString()))
        console.log("payload : " + payload);
        
        if (payload.eventType == "Click") {
        const resultPayLoadClick = {
                eventType : payload.eventType,
                destinationEmailId : payload.mail.destination[0],
                sourceIp : payload.click.ipAddress,
            };
        console.log("resultPayLoad : " + resultPayLoadClick.eventType + resultPayLoadClick.destinationEmailId + resultPayLoadClick.sourceIp);
        
        //const parsed = resultPayLoad[0];
        //console.log("parsed : " + (Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(resultPayLoad))).toString('base64'));
        
        
        return{
            recordId: record.recordId,
            result: 'Ok',
            data: (Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(resultPayLoadClick))).toString('base64'),
        };
        }
        else {
            const resultPayLoadOpen = {
                eventType : payload.eventType,
                destinationEmailId : payload.mail.destination[0],
                sourceIp : payload.open.ipAddress,
            };
        console.log("resultPayLoad : " + resultPayLoadOpen.eventType + resultPayLoadOpen.destinationEmailId + resultPayLoadOpen.sourceIp);
        
        //const parsed = resultPayLoad[0];
        //console.log("parsed : " + (Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(resultPayLoad))).toString('base64'));
        
        
        return{
            recordId: record.recordId,
            result: 'Ok',
            data: (Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(resultPayLoadOpen))).toString('base64'),
        };
        }
    });
    console.log("Output : " + output.data);
    console.log(`Processing completed.  Successful records ${output.length}.`);
    callback(null, { records: output });
};

      Please note:

      For this blog, we are only filtering out three fields i.e. Eventname, destination_Email, and SourceIP. If you want to store other parameters you can modify your code accordingly. For the list of information that we receive in notifications, you may check out the following document.

      https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/DeveloperGuide/event-publishing-retrieving-firehose-examples.html

  8. Now, navigate back to your Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose console and choose the newly created Lambda function.
  9. Keep the convert record format disabled and click “Next”.
  10. In the destination, choose Amazon S3 and select a target Amazon S3 bucket. Create a new bucket if you do not want to use the existing bucket.
  11. Enter the following values for Amazon S3 Prefix and Error Prefix. When event data is published.
    • Prefix:
      fhbase/year=!{timestamp:yyyy}/month=!{timestamp:MM}/day=!{timestamp:dd}/hour=!{timestamp:HH}/
    • Error Prefix:
      fherroroutputbase/!{firehose:random-string}/!{firehose:error-output-type}/!{timestamp:yyyy/MM/dd}/
  12. You may utilize the above values in the Amazon S3 prefix and error prefix. If you use your own prefixes make sure to accordingly update the target values in AWS Glue which you will see in further process.
  13. Keep the Amazon S3 backup option disabled and click “Next”.
  14. On the next page, under the Permissions section, select create a new role. This opens up a new tab and then click “Allow” to create the role.
  15. Navigate back to the Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose console and click “Next”.
  16. Review the changes and click on “Create delivery stream”.

Configure Amazon SES to publish event data to Kinesis Data Firehose:

  1. Navigate to Amazon SES console and select “Email Addresses” from the left side.
  2. Click on “Verify a New Email Address” on the top. Enter your email address to which you send a test email.
  3. Go to your email inbox and click on the verify link. Navigate back to the Amazon SES console and you will see verified status on the email address provided.
  4. Open the Amazon SES console and select Configuration set from the left side.
  5. Create a new configuration set. Enter “SES_Firehose_Demo”  as the configuration set name and click “Create”.
  6. Choose Kinesis Data Firehose as the destination and provide the following details.
    • Name: OpenClick
    • Event Types: Open and Click
  7. In the IAM Role field, select ‘Let SES make a new role’. This allows SES to create a new role and add sufficient permissions for this use case in that role.
  8. Click “Save”.

Sending a Test email:

  1. Navigate to Amazon SES console, click on “Email Addresses” on the left side.
  2. Select your verified email address and click on “Send a Test email”.
  3. Make sure you select the raw email format. You may use the following format to send out a test email from the console. Make sure you send out this email to a recipient inbox to which you have the access. 
    • X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET: SES_Firehose_Demo
X-SES-MESSAGE-TAGS: Email=NULL
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: Test email
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
    		boundary="----=_boundary"

------=_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
This is a test email.

<a href="https://aws.amazon.com/">Amazon Web Services</a>
------=_boundary
  4. Once the email is received in the recipient’s inbox, open the email and click the link present in the same. This generates a click and open event and send the response back to SES.

Creating Glue Crawler:

  1. Navigate to the AWS Glue console, select “crawler” from the left side, and then click on “Add crawler” on the top.
  2. Enter the crawler name as “SES_Firehose_Crawler” and click “Next”.
  3. Under Crawler source type, select “Data stores” and click “Next”.
  4. Select Amazon S3 as the data source and prove the required path. Include the path until the “fhbase” folder.
  5. Select “no” under Add another data source section.
  6. In the IAM role, select the option to ‘Create an IAM role’. Enter the name as “SES_Firehose-Crawler”. This provides the necessary permissions automatically to the newly created role.
  7. In the frequency section, select run on demand and click “Next”. You may choose this value as per your use case.
  8. Click on add Database and provide the name as “ses_firehose_glue_db”. Click on create and then click “Next”.
  9. Review your Glue crawler setting and click on “Finish”.
  10. Run the above-created crawler. This crawls the data from the specified Amazon S3 bucket and create a catalog and table definition.
  11. Now navigate to “tables” on the left, and verify a “fhbase” table is created after you run the crawler.

If you want to analyze the data stored until now, you can use Amazon Athena and test the queries. If not, you can move to the Amazon Quicksight directly.

Analyzing the data using Amazon Athena:

  1. Open Athena console and select the database, which is created using AWS Glue
  2. Click on “setup a query result location in Amazon S3” as shown in the following screenshot.
  3. Navigate to the Amazon S3 bucket created in earlier steps and create a folder called “AthenaQueryResult”. We store our Athena query result in this bucket.
  4. Now navigate back to Amazon Athena and select the Amazon S3 bucket with the folder location as shown in the following screenshot and click “Save”.
  5. Run the following query to test the sample output and accordingly modify your SQL query to get the desired output.
    • Select * from “ses_firehose_glue_db”.”fhbase”

Note: If you want to track the opened emails by unique Ip addresses then you can modify your SQL query accordingly. This is because every time an email gets opened, you will receive a notification even if the same email was previously opened.

 

Visualizing the data in Amazon QuickSight dashboards:

  1. Now, let’s analyze this data using Amazon Athena via Amazon Quicksight.
  2. Log into Amazon Quicksight and choose Manage data, New dataset. Choose Amazon Athena as a new data source.
  3. Enter the data source name as “SES-Demo” and click on “Create the data source”.
  4. Select your database from the drop-down as “ses_firehose_glue_db” and table “fhbase” that you have created in AWS Glue.
  5. And add a custom SQL based on your use case and click on “Confirm query”. Refer to the example below.
  6. You can perform ad hoc analysis and modify your query according to your business needs as shown in the following image. Click “Save & Visualize”.
  7. You can now visualize your event data on Amazon Quicksight dashboard. You can use various graphs to represent your data. For this demo, the default graph is used and two fields are selected to populate on the graph, as shown below.

 

Conclusion:

This architecture shows how to track your email sending activity at a granular level. You set up Amazon SES to publish event data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose based on fine-grained email characteristics that you define. You can also track several types of email sending events, including sends, deliveries, bounces, complaints, rejections, rendering failures, and delivery delays. This information can be useful for operational and analytical purposes.

To get started with Amazon SES, follow this quick start guide and you can learn more about monitoring sending activity here.

About the Authors

Chirag Oswal is a solutions architect and AR/VR specialist working with the public sector India. He works with AWS customers to help them adopt the cloud operating model on a large scale.

Apoorv Gakhar is a Cloud Support Engineer and an Amazon SES Expert. He is working with AWS to help the customers integrate their applications with various AWS Services.

 

Additional Resources:

Amazon SES Dedicated IP Pools

Amazon Personalize optimizer using Amazon Pinpoint events

Template Personalization using Amazon Pinpoint

 

 

How to prompt users to reset their AWS Managed Microsoft AD passwords proactively

Post Syndicated from Tekena Orugbani original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/how-to-prompt-users-to-reset-their-aws-managed-microsoft-ad-passwords-proactively/

If you’re an AWS Directory Service administrator, you can reset your directory users’ passwords from the AWS console or the CLI when their passwords expire. However, you can improve your efficiency by reducing the number of requests for password resets. You can also help improve the security of your organization by having your users proactively reset their directory passwords before they expire. In this post, I describe the steps you can take to set up a solution to send regular reminders to your AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory (AWS Managed Microsoft AD) users to prompt them to change their password before it expires. This will help prevent users from being locked out when their passwords expire and also reduce the number of reset requests sent to administrators.

Solution Overview

When users’ passwords expire, they typically contact their directory service administrator to help them reset their password. For security reasons, they then need to reset their password again on their computer so that the administrator has no knowledge of the new password. This process is time-consuming and impacts productivity. In this post, I present a solution to remind users automatically to reset AWS Managed Microsoft AD passwords. The following diagram and description explains how the solution works.
 

Figure 1: Solution architecture

Figure 1: Solution architecture

  1. A script running on an AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain-joined Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance (Notification Server) searches the AWS Managed Microsoft AD for all enabled user accounts and retrieves their names, email addresses, and password expiry dates.
  2. Using the permissions of the IAM role attached to the Notification Server, the script obtains the SES SMTP credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager.
  3. With the SMTP credentials obtained in Step 2, the script then securely connects to Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES.)
  4. Based on your preferences, Amazon SES sends domain password expiry notifications to the users’ mailboxes.

A separate process for updating the SES credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager occurs as follows:

  1. A CloudWatch rule triggers a Lambda function.
  2. The Lambda function generates new SES SMTP credentials from the SES IAM Username.
  3. The Lambda function then updates AWS Secrets Manager with the new SES credentials.
  4. The Lambda function then deletes the previous IAM access key.

Prerequisites

The instructions in this post assume that you’re familiar with how to create Amazon EC2 for Windows Server instances, use Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to log in to the instances, and have completed the following tasks:

  1. Create an AWS Microsoft AD directory.
  2. Join an Amazon EC2 for Windows Server instance to the AWS Microsoft AD domain to use as your Notification Server.
  3. Sign up for Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).
  4. Remove Amazon EC2 throttling on port 25 for your EC2 instance.
  5. Remove your Amazon SES account from the Amazon SES sandbox so you can also send email to unverified recipients.

Note: You can use your AWS Microsoft Directory management instance as the Notification Server. For the steps below, use any account that is a member of the AWS delegated Administrators’ group.

Summary of the steps

  1. Verify an Amazon SES email address.
  2. Create Amazon SES SMTP credentials.
  3. Store the Amazon SES SMTP credentials in AWS Secrets Manager.
  4. Create an IAM role with read permissions to the secret in AWS Secrets Manager.
  5. Set up and test the notification script.
  6. Set up Windows Task Scheduler.
  7. Configure automatic rotation of the SES Credentials stored in Secrets Manager.

STEP 1: Verify an Amazon SES email address

To prevent unauthorized use, Amazon SES requires that you verify the email address that you use as a “From,” “Source,” “Sender,” or “Return-Path”.

To verify the email address you will use as the sending address, complete the following steps:

  1. Sign in to the Amazon SES console.
  2. In the navigation pane, under Identity Management, select Email Addresses.
  3. Select Verify a New Email Address, and then enter the email address.
  4. Select Verify This Email Address.

An email will be sent to the specified email address with a link to verify the email address. Once you verify the email, you’ll see the Verification Status as verified in the SES console.

In the image below, I have four verified email addresses:
 

Figure 2: Verified email addresses

Figure 2: Verified email addresses

STEP 2: Create Amazon SES SMTP credentials

You must create an Amazon SES SMTP user name and password to access the Amazon SES SMTP interface and send email using the service. To do this, complete the following steps:

  1. Sign in to the Amazon SES console.
  2. In the navigation bar, select SMTP Settings.
  3. In the content pane, make a note of the Server Name as you will use this when sending the email in Step 5. Select Create My SMTP Credentials.
     
    Figure 3: Make a note of the SES SMTP Server Name

    Figure 3: Make a note of the SES SMTP Server Name

  4. Specify a value for the IAM User Name field. Make a note of this IAM User Name as you will need in Step 7 later. In this post, I use the placeholder, ses-smtp-user-eu-west-1, as the user name (as shown below):
     
    Figure 4: Make a note of SES IAM User Name

    Figure 4: Make a note of SES IAM User Name

  5. Select Create.

Make a note of the SMTP Username and SMTP Password you created because you’ll use these in later steps. This is as shown below in my example.
 

Figure 5: Make a note of the SES SMTP Username and SMTP Password

Figure 5: Make a note of the SES SMTP Username and SMTP Password

STEP 3: Store the Amazon SES SMTP credentials in AWS Secrets Manager

In this step, use AWS Secrets Manager to store the Amazon SES SMTP credentials created in Step 2. You will reference this credential when you execute the script in the Notification Server.

Complete the following steps to store the Amazon SES SMTP credentials in AWS Secrets Manager:

  1. Sign in to the AWS Secrets Manager Console.
  2. Select Store a new secret, and then select Other types of secrets.
  3. Under Secret Key/value, enter the Amazon SES SMTP Username in the left box and the Amazon SES SMTP Password in the right box, and then select Next.
     
    Figure 6: Enter the Amazon SES SMTP user name and password

    Figure 6: Enter the Amazon SES SMTP user name and password

  4. In the next screen, enter the string AWS-SES as the name of the secret. Enter an optional description for the secret and add an optional tag and select Next.

    Note: I recommend using AWS-SES as the name of your secret. If you choose to use some other name, you will have to update PowerShell script in Step 5. I also recommend creating the secret in the same region as the Notification Server. If you create your secret in a different region, you will also have to update PowerShell script in Step 5.

     

    Figure 7: Enter "AWS-SES" as the secret name

    Figure 7: Enter “AWS-SES” as the secret name

  5. On next screen, leave the default setting as Disable automatic rotation and select Next. You will come back later in Step 7 where you will use a Lambda function to rotate the secret at specified intervals.
  6. To store the secret, in the last screen, select Store. Now select the secret and make a note of the ARN of the secret as shown in in Figure 8.
     
    Figure 8: Make a note of the Secret ARN

    Figure 8: Make a note of the Secret ARN

Step 4: Create IAM role with permissions to read the secret

Create an IAM role that grants permissions to read the secret created in Step 3. Then, attach this role to the Notification Server to enable your script to read this secret. Complete the following steps:

  1. Log in to the IAM Console.
  2. In the navigation bar, select Policies.
  3. In the content pane, select Create Policy, and then select JSON.
  4. Replace the content with the following snippet while specifying the ARN of the secret you created earlier in step 3: 
    
    {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
            "Resource": "<arn-of-the-secret-created-in-step-3>"
        }
    }

    Here is how it looks in my example after I replace with the ARN of my Secrets Manager secret:
     

    Figure 9: Example policy

    Figure 9: Example policy

  5. Select Review policy.
  6. On the next screen, specify a name for the policy. In my example, I have specified Access-Ses-Secret as the name of the policy. Also specify a description for the policy, and then select Create policy.
  7. In the navigation pane, select Roles.
  8. In the content pane, select Create role.
  9. On the next page, select EC2, and then select Next: Permissions.
  10. Select the policy you created, and then select Next: Tags.
  11. Select Next: Review, provide a name for the role. In my example, I have specified SecretsManagerReadAccessRole as the name. Select Create Role.

Now, complete the following steps to attach the role to the Notification Server:

  1. From the Amazon EC2 Console, select the Notification Server instance.
  2. Select Actions, select Instance Settings, and then select Attach/Replace IAM Role.
     
    Figure 10: Select "Attach/Replace IAM Role"

    Figure 10: Select “Attach/Replace IAM Role”

  3. On the Attach/Replace IAM Role page, choose the role to attach from the drop-down list. For this post, I choose SecretsManagerReadAccessRole and select Apply.

    Here is how it looks in my example:
     

    Figure 11: Example "Attach/Replace IAM Role"

    Figure 11: Example “Attach/Replace IAM Role”

STEP 5: Setup and Test the Notification Script

In this section, you’re going to test the script by sending a sample notification email to an end user to remind the user to change their password. To test the script, log into your Notification Server using your AWS Microsoft Managed AD default Admin account. Then, complete the following steps:

  1. Install the PowerShell Module for Active Directory by opening PowerShell as Administrator and run the following command:

    Install-WindowsFeature -Name RSAT-AD-PowerShell

  2. Download the script to the Notification Server. In my example, I downloaded the script and stored in the location

    c:\scripts\PasswordExpiryNotify.ps1

  3. Create a new user in Active Directory and ensure you enter a valid email address for the new user.

    Note: Make sure to clear the User must change password at next logon check box when creating the user; otherwise, you will get an invalid output from the command in the next step.

    For this example, I created a test user named RandomUser in Active Directory.

  4. In the PowerShell Window, execute the following command to determine the number of days remaining before the password for the user expires. In this example, I run the following to determine the number of days remaining before the RandomUser account password expires:

    (New-TimeSpan -Start ((Get-Date).ToLongDateString()) -End ((Get-ADUser -Identity ‘RandomUser’ -Properties “msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed”|Select @{Name=”exp”;Expression={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_.”msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed”).tolongdatestring()}}) | Select -ExpandProperty exp)).Days

    In my example, I get “15” as the output.

  5. To test the script, navigate to the location of the script on your Notification Server and execute the following:

    .\PasswordExpiryNotify.ps1 -smtpServer “<SES-SMTP-SERVER-NAME-NOTED-IN-STEP 2> ” -from “<SENDER LABEL> <SES VERIFIED EMAIL ADDRESS>” -NotifyDays <NUMBER OF DAYS>

    In this example, I navigate to c:\scripts\ and execute:

    .\PasswordExpiryNotify.ps1 -smtpServer “email-smtp.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com” -from “IT Servicedesk [email protected]” -NotifyDays 15

A new email will be sent to user’s mailbox. Verify the user has received the email.

Note: I can update these instructions to send multiple email reminders to users. For example, if I want to notify users on three occasions (first notification 15 days before password expiration, then 7 days, and one more when there is only 1 day) I would execute the following:

.\PasswordExpiryNotify.ps1 -smtpServer “email-smtp.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com” -from “IT Servicedesk <[email protected]>” -NotifyDays 1,7,15

Step 6: Set up a Windows Task Scheduler

Now that you have tested the script and confirmed that the solution is working as expected, you can set up a Windows Scheduled Task to execute the script daily. To do this:

  1. Open Task Scheduler.
  2. Right-click Task Scheduler Library, and then select Create Task.
  3. Specify a name for the task.
  4. On the Triggers tab, select New.
  5. Select Daily, and then select OK.
  6. On the Actions tab, select New.
  7. Inside Program/Script, type PowerShell.exe
  8. In the Add arguments (optional) box, type the following command, including the full path to the script.

    “C:\Scripts\PasswordExpiryNotify.ps1 -smtpServer “<SES-SMTP-SERVER-NAME-NOTED-IN-STEP 2>” -from “<SENDER LABEL> <SES VERIFIED EMAIL ADDRESS>” -NotifyDays <DAY,DAY,DAY>“

    In my example, I type the following:

    “C:\Scripts\PasswordExpiryNotify.ps1 -smtpServer ’email-smtp.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com’ -from ‘IT Servicedesk [email protected]’ -NotifyDays 1,7,15”

  9. Select OK twice, and then enter your password when prompted to complete the steps.

The script will now run daily at the specified time and will send password expiration email notifications to your AWS Managed Microsoft AD users. In my example, a password expiration reminder email is sent to my AWS Managed Microsoft AD users 15 days before expiration, 7 days before expiration, and then 1 day before expiration.

Here is a sample email:
 

Figure 12: Sample password expiration email

Figure 12: Sample password expiration email

Note: You can edit the script to change the notification message to suit your requirements.

Step 7: Configure automatic update of the SES credentials

In this final section, you’re going to setup the configuration to automatically update the secret (that is, the SES credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager) at regular intervals. To achieve this, you will use an Amazon Lambda function that will do the following:

  1. Create a new access key using the IAM user you used to create the SES SMTP Credentials in Step 2 (ses-smtp-user-eu-west-1 in my example).
  2. Generate a new SES SMTP User password from the created IAM secret access key.
  3. Update the SES credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager.
  4. Delete the old IAM access key.

Complete the following steps to enable automatic update of the SES credentials:

First you will create the IAM policy which you will attach to a role that will be assumed by the lambda function. This policy will provide the permissions to create new access keys for the SES IAM user and permissions to update the SES credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager.

  1. Log in to the IAM Console, and in the navigation bar, select Policies.
  2. In the content pane, select Create Policy, and then select JSON.
  3. Replace the content with the following script while specifying the ARN of the IAM user we used to create the SES SMTP credentials in Step 2 and the ARN of the secret stored in Secrets Manager that you noted in Step 3. 
    
    {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "iam:*AccessKey*",
                "Resource": "<arn-of-iam-user-created-in-step-2>"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:UpdateSecret",
                "Resource": "<arn-of-secret-stored-in-secret-manager>"
            }
            ]
    }

    Here is the JSON for the policy in my example:
     

    Figure 13: Example policy

    Figure 13: Example policy

  4. Select Review Policy, and then specify a name and a description for the policy. In my example, I have specified the name of the policy as iam-secretsmanager-access-for-lambda.

    Here is how it looks in my example:
     

    Figure 14: Specify a name and description for the policy

    Figure 14: Specify a name and description for the policy

  5. Select Create Policy

Now, create an IAM role and attach this policy.

  1. In the navigation bar, select Roles and select Create Role.
  2. Under the Choose the service that will use this role, select Lambda, and then select Next: Permissions.
  3. On the next page, select the policy you just created and select Next: Tags. Add an optional tag and select Next: Review.
  4. Specify a name for the role and description, and then select Create role. In my example, I have named the role: LambdaRoleRotatateSesSecret.

Now, you will create a Lambda function that will assume the created role:

  1. Log on to the AWS Lambda console and select Create Function
  2. Specify a name for the function, and then, under Runtime, select Python 3.7.
  3. Under execution role, select User an existing role, and then select the role you created earlier.

    Here are the settings I used in my example:
     

    Figure 15: Settings on the "Create function" page

    Figure 15: Settings on the “Create function” page

  4. Select Create function, copy the following Python code, and then paste it in the Function Code section. 
    
    import boto3
    import os      #required to fetch environment variables
    import hmac    #required to compute the HMAC key
    import hashlib #required to create a SHA256 hash
    import base64  #required to encode the computed key
    import sys     #required for system functions
    
    iam = boto3.client('iam')
    sm = boto3.client('secretsmanager')
    
    SES_IAM_USERNAME = os.environ['SES_IAM_USERNAME']
    SECRET_ID = os.environ['SECRET_ID']
    
    def lambda_handler(event, context):
        print("Getting current credentials...")
        old_key = iam.list_access_keys(UserName=SES_IAM_USERNAME)['AccessKeyMetadata'][0]['AccessKeyId']
    
        print("Creating new credentials...")
        new_key = iam.create_access_key(UserName=SES_IAM_USERNAME)
        print("New credentials created...")
        
        smtp_username = '%s' % (new_key['AccessKey']['AccessKeyId'])
        iam_sec_access_key = '%s' % (new_key['AccessKey']['SecretAccessKey'])
        
         
        # These variables are used when calculating the SMTP password.
        message = 'SendRawEmail'
        version = '\x02'
        
        # Compute an HMAC-SHA256 key from the AWS secret access key.
        signatureInBytes = hmac.new(iam_sec_access_key.encode('utf-8'),message.encode('utf-8'),hashlib.sha256).digest()
        # Prepend the version number to the signature.
        signatureAndVersion = version.encode('utf-8') + signatureInBytes
        # Base64-encode the string that contains the version number and signature.
        smtpPassword = base64.b64encode(signatureAndVersion)
        # Decode the string and print it to the console.
        ses_smtp_pass = smtpPassword.decode('utf-8')
        secret_string = '{"%s": "%s"}' % (new_key['AccessKey']['AccessKeyId'], ses_smtp_pass)
        print("Updating credentials in SecretsManager...")
        sm_res = sm.update_secret(
            SecretId=SECRET_ID,
            SecretString=secret_string
            )
        print(sm_res)
        
        print("Deleting old key")
        del_res = iam.delete_access_key(
            UserName=SES_IAM_USERNAME,
            AccessKeyId=old_key
            )
            print(del_res)

    Here is what it will look like:
     

    Figure 16: The Python code pasted in the "Function Code" section

    Figure 16: The Python code pasted in the “Function Code” section

  5. In the Environment variables section, specify the two environment variables required by the Lambda Python code as follows: 
    
            SECRET_ID: AWS-SES
            SES_IAM_USERNAME: <SES-IAM-USERNAME-NOTED-IN-STEP 2>

    Here is how my environment variables look:
     

    Figure 17: The Python code pasted in the "Function Code" section page

    Figure 17: The Python code pasted in the “Function Code” section

  6. Select Save.

    You have now created a Lambda function that can update the SES credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager.

    You will now set up CloudWatch to trigger the Lambda function at scheduled intervals.

  7. Open the Amazon CloudWatch Console.
  8. In the navigation pane, select Rules and, in the content pane, select Create Rule.
  9. Under Event Source, select Schedule, and then select Fixed rate of. Specify how often you would like CloudWatch to trigger the Lambda function. In my example, I have chosen to update the SES credentials every 30 days.
  10. Under Targets, select Add Target, and then select Lambda Function.
  11. In Function, select the Lambda function you just created, and then select Configure details.
     
    Figure 18: Create new CloudWatch rule

    Figure 18: Create new CloudWatch rule

  12. Specify a name for the rule, enter a description, make sure the State check box is selected, and then select Create rule.

The SES credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager will now be updated based on the scheduled intervals you specified in CloudWatch.

Conclusion

In this post, I showed how you can set up a solution to remind your AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory users to change their passwords before expiration. I demonstrated how you can achieve this using a combination of a script and Amazon SES. I also showed you how you can configure rotation of the Amazon SES credentials on your preferred schedule.

If you have comments about this post, submit them in the “Comments” section below. If you have questions or suggestions, please start a new thread on the Amazon SES forum.

Want more AWS Security how-to content, news, and feature announcements? Follow us on Twitter.

Author

Tekena Orugbani

Tekena is a Cloud Support Engineer at the AWS Cape Town office. He has many years of experience working with Windows Systems, virtualization/cloud technologies, and directory services. When he’s not helping customers make the most of their cloud investments, he enjoys hanging out with his family and watching Premier League football (soccer).

Learn About Amazon Pinpoint at Upcoming Events Around the World

Post Syndicated from Hannah Nilsson original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/learn-about-amazon-pinpoint-at-upcoming-events/

Connect with the AWS Customer Engagement team at events around the world to learn how our technology can to help you better engage with your customers. Get demos on recent feature releases, discover how you can use Pinpoint for your specific use case, and attend informative sessions to hear how companies around the world are using AWS Customer Engagement solutions to deliver better experiences for their customers. Plus, read below to find out how Amazon Pinpoint and Amazon SES both enable you to create innovative email experiences with the recent AMP Project launch.

AWS Customer Engagement in the news: Amazon SES and Amazon Pinpoint support build the future of email with AMP

The AMP Project’s mission is to enable more user-first experiences on the web, including web-based technology like email. On March 26, the AMP Project announced that they are bringing AMP technology to email in order to give users an interactive, real-time experience that also keeps inboxes safe.

Amazon Pinpoint and Amazon SES both provide out-of-the-box support for AMP for email with no additional configuration. This allows you to easily create experiences for your customers such as  submitting RSVPs to events, filling out questionnaires, browsing catalogs, or responding to comments right within the email.

Read the AMP announcement for more information about these new capabilities. To learn how to use the AMP format with Amazon SES, visit the SES Developer Guide. To learn how to use the AMP format with Amazon Pinpoint, read this Amazon Pinpoint API Reference. View these instructions for more information on how to add AMP to an existing email.

Amazon Pinpoint has been busy building. You can now:

  • Learn how to set up an email preference management web page that enables customers to manage their email subscription preferences. Read now.
  • Learn how to set up a web form that collects information from new customers, and then sends them an SMS message to confirm that they want to receive content from you. Read now.
  • Use Amazon Pinpoint in the US West (Oregon), EU (Frankfurt), and EU (Ireland) regions in addition to the US East (Virginia) region. Learn more.
  • Deliver voice messages to your users with Amazon Pinpoint Voice. Learn more.
  • Set up campaigns that auto-send messages to your customers when they take specific actions. Learn more.
  • Detect and understand issues impacting your email deliverability with the Amazon Pinpoint Deliverability Dashboard. Learn more. 

Meet an Amazon Pinpoint expert at these upcoming events. We will teach you how to take advantage of recent updates so that you can create better engagement experiences for your customers. Plus, we can give you an inside look on what’s on our roadmap, and we’ll be giving out custom Pinpoint swag!

AWS Summit, Singapore 

April 10, 2019
Singapore Expo Convention & Exhibition Centre
Amazon Pinpoint will host an informative session about our Customer Engagement solutions at the AWS Singapore Summit. In this session, we will describe how AWS enables companies to better understand and engage their customers with personalized, timely, and relevant communications on multiple channels. You will also learn how Disney Streaming Services is using Amazon Pinpoint to engage their users.
Register for the Summit here.

“Mobile Days” at the AWS San Francisco Loft   

April 24, 2019 
AWS San Francisco Loft
Join us for an engaging day of discussion and education. Amazon Pinpoint experts will host the following sessions:

  • 2:30pm – 3:30pm: How Do You Measure Customer Success? Featuring Amazon Pinpoint. 
  • 3:30pm – 4:30pm: Using ML to Create Enhance Your Marketing. Featuring Amazon Pinpoint and Amazon Personalize. 

Space for this event is limited, please reserve your seat here.

AWS Summit, Sydney

May 1-2, 2019
International Convention Centre (ICC), Darling Harbour, Sydney
Don’t miss the customer engagement session on April 30th. This session, part of Amazon’s Innovation Day event, features a keynote address by Neil Lindsay, Vice President of Global Marketing at Amazon. The session explores how AWS technologies power organizations that deliver customer-centric innovations. Learn about how Australia’s largest brands and digital agencies use AWS technologies to engage customers, build new business models, and transform customer experiences.
Register for the Summit here

AWS Summit, Mumbai

May 15, 2019
Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai
The Amazon Pinpoint team will be at the “Ask an Expert” booth. Stop by to meet the team, ask questions, and pick up Amazon Pinpoint swag!
Register for the summit here

The intersection of Customer Engagement and Data Science

Post Syndicated from Brent Meyer original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/the-intersection-of-customer-engagement-and-data-science/

On the Messaging and Targeting team, we’re constantly inspired by the new and novel ways that customers use our services. For example, last year we took an in-depth look at a customer who built a fully featured email marketing platform based on Amazon SES and other AWS Services.

This week, our friends on the AWS Machine Learning team published a blog post that brings together the worlds of data science and customer engagement. Their solution uses Amazon SageMaker (a platform for building and deploying machine learning models) to create a system that makes purchasing predictions based on customers’ past behaviors. It then uses Amazon Pinpoint to send campaigns to customers based on these predictions.

The blog post is an interesting read that includes a primer on the process of creating a useful Machine Learning solution. It then goes in-depth, discussing the real-world considerations that are involved in implementing the solution.

Take a look at their post, Amazon Pinpoint campaigns driven by machine learning on Amazon SageMaker, on the AWS Machine Learning Blog.

RDS for Oracle: Extending Outbound Network Access to use SSL/TLS

Post Syndicated from Surya Nallu original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/architecture/rds-for-oracle-extending-outbound-network-access-to-use-ssltls/

In December 2016, we launched the Outbound Network Access functionality for Amazon RDS for Oracle, enabling customers to use their RDS for Oracle database instances to communicate with external web endpoints using the utl_http and utl tcp packages, and sending emails through utl_smtp. We extended the functionality by adding the option of using custom DNS servers, allowing such outbound network accesses to make use of any DNS server a customer chooses to use. These releases enabled HTTP, TCP and SMTP communication originating out of RDS for Oracle instances – limited to non-secure (non-SSL) mediums.

To overcome the limitation over SSL connections, we recently published a whitepaper, that guides through the process of creating customized Oracle wallet bundles on your RDS for Oracle instances. By making use of such wallets, you can now extend the Outbound Network Access capability to have external communications happen over secure (SSL/TLS) connections. This opens up new use cases for your RDS for Oracle instances.

With the right set of certificates imported into your RDS for Oracle instances (through Oracle wallets), your database instances can now:

  • Communicate with a HTTPS endpoint: Using utl_http, access a resource such as https://status.aws.amazon.com/robots.txt
  • Download files from Amazon S3 securely: Using a presigned URL from Amazon S3, you can now download any file over SSL
  • Extending Oracle Database links to use SSL: Database links between RDS for Oracle instances can now use SSL as long as the instances have the SSL option installed
  • Sending email over SMTPS:
    • You can now integrate with Amazon SES to send emails from your database instances and any other generic SMTPS with which the provider can be integrated

These are just a few high-level examples of new use cases that have opened up with the whitepaper. As a reminder, always ensure to have best security practices in place when making use of Outbound Network Access (detailed in the whitepaper).

About the Author

Surya Nallu is a Software Development Engineer on the Amazon RDS for Oracle team.

The Amazon SES Blog is now the AWS Messaging and Targeting Blog

Post Syndicated from Brent Meyer original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/messaging-and-targeting/the-amazon-ses-blog-is-now-the-aws-messaging-and-targeting-blog/

Regular visitors to this blog may have noticed that its name has changed from the Amazon SES Blog to the AWS Messaging and Targeting Blog. The Amazon SES team has been working closely with the Amazon Pinpoint team in recent months, so we decided to create a single source of information for both products.

If you’re a dedicated Amazon SES user, don’t worry—Amazon SES isn’t going anywhere. However, as the goals of our two teams started to overlap more and more, we realized that we had lots of ideas for blog posts that would be relevant to users of both products.

If you’re not familiar with Amazon Pinpoint yet, allow us to make a brief introduction. Amazon Pinpoint was originally created to help mobile app developers analyze the ways that their customers used their apps, and to send mobile push messages to those users. Over time, the capabilities of Amazon Pinpoint grew to include the ability to send transactional messages (such as order confirmations, welcome messages, and one-time passwords), segment your audience, schedule campaign execution, and send messages using other channels (including SMS and email). In short, Amazon Pinpoint helps you deliver the right message to the right customers at the right time using the right channel.

In the past, this blog focused mainly on providing information about new features and common issues. Our new blog will include that same information, as well as practical tips, industry best practices, and the exciting things our customers have done using Amazon SES and Amazon Pinpoint. We hope you enjoy it!

If you have any questions, or if there’s anything you’d like to see us cover in the blog, please let us know in the comments section.

Troubleshooting event publishing issues in Amazon SES

Post Syndicated from Dustin Taylor original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/ses/troubleshooting-event-publishing-issues-in-amazon-ses/

Over the past year, we’ve released several features that make it easier to track the metrics that are associated with your Amazon SES account. The first of these features, launched in November of last year, was event publishing.

Initially, event publishing let you capture basic metrics related to your email sending and publish them to other AWS services, such as Amazon CloudWatch and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Some examples of these basic metrics include the number of emails that were sent and delivered, as well as the number that bounced or received complaints. A few months ago, we expanded this feature by adding engagement metrics—specifically, information about the number of emails that your customers opened or engaged with by clicking links.

As a former Cloud Support Engineer, I’ve seen Amazon SES customers do some amazing things with event publishing, but I’ve also seen some common issues. In this article, we look at some of these issues, and discuss the steps you can take to resolve them.

Before we begin

This post assumes that your Amazon SES account is already out of the sandbox, that you’ve verified an identity (such as an email address or domain), and that you have the necessary permissions to use Amazon SES and the service that you’ll publish event data to (such as Amazon SNS, CloudWatch, or Kinesis Data Firehose).

We also assume that you’re familiar with the process of creating configuration sets and specifying event destinations for those configuration sets. For more information, see Using Amazon SES Configuration Sets in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

Amazon SNS event destinations

If you want to receive notifications when events occur—such as when recipients click a link in an email, or when they report an email as spam—you can use Amazon SNS as an event destination.

Occasionally, customers ask us why they’re not receiving notifications when they use an Amazon SNS topic as an event destination. One of the most common reasons for this issue is that they haven’t configured subscriptions for their Amazon SNS topic yet.

A single topic in Amazon SNS can have one or more subscriptions. When you subscribe to a topic, you tell that topic which endpoints (such as email addresses or mobile phone numbers) to contact when it receives a notification. If you haven’t set up any subscriptions, nothing will happen when an email event occurs.

For more information about setting up topics and subscriptions, see Getting Started in the Amazon SNS Developer Guide. For information about publishing Amazon SES events to Amazon SNS topics, see Set Up an Amazon SNS Event Destination for Amazon SES Event Publishing in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

Kinesis Data Firehose event destinations

If you want to store your Amazon SES event data for the long term, choose Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose as a destination for Amazon SES events. With Kinesis Data Firehose, you can stream data to Amazon S3 or Amazon Redshift for storage and analysis.

The process of setting up Kinesis Data Firehose as an event destination is similar to the process for setting up Amazon SNS: you choose the types of events (such as deliveries, opens, clicks, or bounces) that you want to export, and the name of the Kinesis Data Firehose stream that you want to export to. However, there’s one important difference. When you set up a Kinesis Data Firehose event destination, you must also choose the IAM role that Amazon SES uses to send event data to Kinesis Data Firehose.

When you set up the Kinesis Data Firehose event destination, you can choose to have Amazon SES create the IAM role for you automatically. For many users, this is the best solution—it ensures that the IAM role has the appropriate permissions to move event data from Amazon SES to Kinesis Data Firehose.

Customers occasionally run into issues with the Kinesis Data Firehose event destination when they use an existing IAM role. If you use an existing IAM role, or create a new role for this purpose, make sure that the role includes the firehose:PutRecord and firehose:PutRecordBatch permissions. If the role doesn’t include these permissions, then the Amazon SES event data isn’t published to Kinesis Data Firehose. For more information, see Controlling Access with Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose in the Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose Developer Guide.

CloudWatch event destinations

By publishing your Amazon SES event data to Amazon CloudWatch, you can create dashboards that track your sending statistics in real time, as well as alarms that notify you when your event metrics reach certain thresholds.

The amount that you’re charged for using CloudWatch is based on several factors, including the number of metrics you use. In order to give you more control over the specific metrics you send to CloudWatch—and to help you avoid unexpected charges—you can limit the email sending events that are sent to CloudWatch.

When you choose CloudWatch as an event destination, you must choose a value source. The value source can be one of three options: a message tag, a link tag, or an email header. After you choose a value source, you then specify a name and a value. When you send an email using a configuration set that refers to a CloudWatch event destination, it only sends the metrics for that email to CloudWatch if the email contains the name and value that you specified as the value source. This requirement is commonly overlooked.

For example, assume that you chose Message Tag as the value source, and specified “CategoryId” as the dimension name and “31415” as the dimension value. When you want to send events for an email to CloudWatch, you must specify the name of the configuration set that uses the CloudWatch destination. You must also include a tag in your message. The name of the tag must be “CategoryId” and the value must be “31415”.

For more information about adding tags and email headers to your messages, see Send Email Using Amazon SES Event Publishing in the Amazon SES Developer Guide. For more information about adding tags to links, see Amazon SES Email Sending Metrics FAQs in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

Troubleshooting event publishing for open and click data

Occasionally, customers ask why they’re not seeing open and click data for their emails. This issue most often occurs when the customer only sends text versions of their emails. Because of the way Amazon SES tracks open and click events, you can only see open and click data for emails that are sent as HTML. For more information about how Amazon SES modifies your emails when you enable open and click tracking, see Amazon SES Email Sending Metrics FAQs in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

The process that you use to send HTML emails varies based on the email sending method you use. The Code Examples section of the Amazon SES Developer Guide contains examples of several methods of sending email by using the Amazon SES SMTP interface or an AWS SDK. All of the examples in this section include methods for sending HTML (as well as text-only) emails.

If you encounter any issues that weren’t covered in this post, please open a case in the Support Center and we’d be more than happy to assist.

About the Amazon Trust Services Migration

Post Syndicated from Brent Meyer original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/ses/669-2/

Amazon Web Services is moving the certificates for our services—including Amazon SES—to use our own certificate authority, Amazon Trust Services. We have carefully planned this change to minimize the impact it will have on your workflow. Most customers will not have to take any action during this migration.

About the Certificates

The Amazon Trust Services Certificate Authority (CA) uses the Starfield Services CA, which has been valid since 2005. The Amazon Trust Services certificates are available in most major operating systems released in the past 10 years, and are also trusted by all modern web browsers.

If you send email through the Amazon SES SMTP interface using a mail server that you operate, we recommend that you confirm that the appropriate certificates are installed. You can test whether your server trusts the Amazon Trust Services CAs by visiting the following URLs (for example, by using cURL):

If you see a message stating that the certificate issuer is not recognized, then you should install the appropriate root certificate. You can download individual certificates from https://www.amazontrust.com/repository. The process of adding a trusted certificate to your server varies depending on the operating system you use. For more information, see “Adding New Certificates,” below.

AWS SDKs and CLI

Recent versions of the AWS SDKs and the AWS CLI are not impacted by this change. If you use an AWS SDK or a version of the AWS CLI released prior to February 5, 2015, you should upgrade to the latest version.

Potential Issues

If your system is configured to use a very restricted list of root CAs (for example, if you use certificate pinning), you may be impacted by this migration. In this situation, you must update your pinned certificates to include the Amazon Trust Services CAs.

Adding New Root Certificates

The following sections list the steps you can take to install the Amazon Root CA certificates on your systems if they are not already present.

macOS

To install a new certificate on a macOS server

  1. Download the .pem file for the certificate you want to install from https://www.amazontrust.com/repository.
  2. Change the file extension for the file you downloaded from .pem to .crt.
  3. At the command prompt, type the following command to install the certificate: sudo security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /path/to/certificatename.crt, replacing /path/to/certificatename.crt with the full path to the certificate file.

Windows Server

To install a new certificate on a Windows server

  1. Download the .pem file for the certificate you want to install from https://www.amazontrust.com/repository.
  2. Change the file extension for the file you downloaded from .pem to .crt.
  3. At the command prompt, type the following command to install the certificate: certutil -addstore -f "ROOT" c:\path\to\certificatename.crt, replacing c:\path\to\certificatename.crt with the full path to the certificate file.

Ubuntu

To install a new certificate on an Ubuntu (or similar) server

  1. Download the .pem file for the certificate you want to install from https://www.amazontrust.com/repository.
  2. Change the file extension for the file you downloaded from .pem to .crt.
  3. Copy the certificate file to the directory /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
  4. At the command prompt, type the following command to update the certificate authority store: sudo update-ca-certificates

Red Hat Enterprise Linux/Fedora/CentOS

To install a new certificate on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (or similar) server

  1. Download the .pem file for the certificate you want to install from https://www.amazontrust.com/repository.
  2. Change the file extension for the file you downloaded from .pem to .crt.
  3. Copy the certificate file to the directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
  4. At the command line, type the following command to enable dynamic certificate authority configuration: sudo update-ca-trust force-enable
  5. At the command line, type the following command to update the certificate authority store: sudo update-ca-trust extract

To learn more about this migration, see How to Prepare for AWS’s Move to Its Own Certificate Authority on the AWS Security Blog.

Protect your Reputation with Email Pausing and Configuration Set Metrics

Post Syndicated from Brent Meyer original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/ses/protect-your-reputation-with-email-pausing-and-configuration-set-metrics/

In August, we launched the reputation dashboard, which helps you track important metrics that could impact your ability to send emails. By monitoring the metrics in this dashboard, you can protect your sender reputation, which can increase the likelihood that the emails you send will reach your customers’ inboxes.

Today, we’re launching two features that build upon the capabilities of the reputation dashboard. The first is the ability to temporarily pause email sending, either at the configuration set level, or across your entire Amazon SES account. The second is the ability to export reputation metrics for individual configuration sets.

Email Pausing

Today’s update includes new API operations that can temporarily pause your ability to send email using Amazon SES. To disable email sending across your entire Amazon SES account, you can use the UpdateAccountSendingEnabled operation. To pause sending only for emails sent using a specific configuration set, you can use the UpdateConfigurationSetSendingEnabled operation.

Email pausing is helpful because Amazon SES uses automatic enforcement policies. If the bounce or complaint rates for your account are too high, your account is automatically placed on probation. If the bounce or complaint issues continue after the probation period has ended, your account may be suspended.

With email pausing, you can temporarily halt your ability to send email before your account is placed on probation. While your ability to send email is paused, you can identify the issues that were causing your account to register high bounce or complaint rates. You can then resume sending after the issues are resolved.

Email pausing helps ensure that your ability to send email using Amazon SES is not interrupted because of enforcement issues. It helps ensure that your sender reputation won’t be damaged by mistakes or unforeseen issues.

You can learn more about the UpdateAccountSendingEnabled and UpdateConfigurationSetSendingEnabled operations in the Amazon Simple Email Service API Reference.

Configuration Set Reputation Metrics

Amazon SES automatically publishes the bounce and complaint rates for your account to Amazon CloudWatch. In CloudWatch, you can monitor these metrics over time, and create alarms that notify you when your reputation metrics cross certain thresholds.

With today’s update, you can also publish reputation metrics for individual configuration sets to CloudWatch. This feature gives you additional information about the messages you send using Amazon SES. For example, if you send all of your marketing emails using one configuration set, and your transactional emails using a different configuration set, you can view distinct reputation metrics for each type of email.

Because we anticipate that this feature will lead to the creation of many new configuration sets, we’re increasing the maximum number of configuration sets you can create from 50 to 10,000.

For more information about exporting reputation metrics for configuration sets, see Exporting Reputation Metrics for a Configuration Set to CloudWatch in the Amazon Simple Email Service Developer Guide.

Automating These Features

You can use AWS services—including Amazon SNS, AWS Lambda, and Amazon CloudWatch—to create a solution that automatically pauses email sending for your account when your overall reputation metrics cross a certain threshold. Or, to minimize disruption to your email sending program, you can pause email sending for a specific configuration set when the metrics for that configuration set cross a threshold. The following image illustrates the processes that occur when you implement these solutions.

A flow diagram that illustrates a solution for automatically pausing Amazon SES email sending. Amazon SES provides reputation metrics to CloudWatch. If those metrics exceed a threshold, a CloudWatch alarm is triggered, which triggers an SNS topic. The SNS topic sends notifications (email, SMS), and executes a Lambda function, which pauses email sending in SES.

For more information on both of these solutions, see Automatically Pausing Email Sending in the Amazon Simple Email Service Developer Guide.

We’re always looking for ways to help safeguard the reputation you’ve worked hard to build. If you have suggestions, questions, or comments, we’d love to hear from you in the comments below, or in the Amazon SES Forum.

These features are now available in the following AWS Regions: US West (Oregon), US East (N. Virginia), and EU (Ireland).

Just in Case You Missed It: Catching Up on Some Recent AWS Launches

Post Syndicated from Tara Walker original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/just-in-case-you-missed-it-catching-up-on-some-recent-aws-launches/

So many launches and cloud innovations, that you simply may not believe.  In order to catch up on some service launches and features, this post will be a round-up of some cool releases that happened this summer and through the end of September.

The launches and features I want to share with you today are:

  • AWS IAM for Authenticating Database Users for RDS MySQL and Amazon Aurora
  • Amazon SES Reputation Dashboard
  • Amazon SES Open and Click Tracking Metrics
  • Serverless Image Handler by the Solutions Builder Team
  • AWS Ops Automator by the Solutions Builder Team

Let’s dive in, shall we!

AWS IAM for Authenticating Database Users for RDS MySQL and Amazon Aurora

Wished you could manage access to your Amazon RDS database instances and clusters using AWS IAM? Well, wish no longer. Amazon RDS has launched the ability for you to use IAM to manage database access for Amazon RDS for MySQL and Amazon Aurora DB.

What I like most about this new service feature is, it’s very easy to get started.  To enable database user authentication using IAM, you would select a checkbox Enable IAM DB Authentication when creating, modifying, or restoring your DB instance or cluster. You can enable IAM access using the RDS console, the AWS CLI, and/or the Amazon RDS API.

After configuring the database for IAM authentication, client applications authenticate to the database engine by providing temporary security credentials generated by the IAM Security Token Service. These credentials can be used instead of providing a password to the database engine.

You can learn more about using IAM to provide targeted permissions and authentication to MySQL and Aurora by reviewing the Amazon RDS user guide.

Amazon SES Reputation Dashboard

In order to aid Amazon Simple Email Service customers’ in utilizing best practice guidelines for sending email, I am thrilled to announce we launched the Reputation Dashboard to provide comprehensive reporting on email sending health. To aid in proactively managing emails being sent, customers now have visibility into overall account health, sending metrics, and compliance or enforcement status.

The Reputation Dashboard will provide the following information:

  • Account status: A description of your account health status.
    • Healthy – No issues currently impacting your account.
    • Probation – Account is on probation; Issues causing probation must be resolved to prevent suspension
    • Pending end of probation decision – Your account is on probation. Amazon SES team member must review your account prior to action.
    • Shutdown – Your account has been shut down. No email will be able to be sent using Amazon SES.
    • Pending shutdown – Your account is on probation and issues causing probation are unresolved.
  • Bounce Rate: Percentage of emails sent that have bounced and bounce rate status messages.
  • Complaint Rate: Percentage of emails sent that recipients have reported as spam and complaint rate status messages.
  • Notifications: Messages about other account reputation issues.

Amazon SES Open and Click Tracking Metrics

Another exciting feature recently added to Amazon SES is support for Email Open and Click Tracking Metrics. With Email Open and Click Tracking Metrics feature, SES customers can now track when email they’ve sent has been opened and track when links within the email have been clicked.  Using this SES feature will allow you to better track email campaign engagement and effectiveness.

How does this work?

When using the email open tracking feature, SES will add a transparent, miniature image into the emails that you choose to track. When the email is opened, the mail application client will load the aforementioned tracking which triggers an open track event with Amazon SES. For the email click (link) tracking, links in email and/or email templates are replaced with a custom link.  When the custom link is clicked, a click event is recorded in SES and the custom link will redirect the email user to the link destination of the original email.

You can take advantage of the new open tracking and click tracking features by creating a new configuration set or altering an existing configuration set within SES. After choosing either; Amazon SNS, Amazon CloudWatch, or Amazon Kinesis Firehose as the AWS service to receive the open and click metrics, you would only need to select a new configuration set to successfully enable these new features for any emails you want to send.

AWS Solutions: Serverless Image Handler & AWS Ops Automator

The AWS Solution Builder team has been hard at work helping to make it easier for you all to find answers to common architectural questions to aid in building and running applications on AWS. You can find these solutions on the AWS Answers page. Two new solutions released earlier this fall on AWS Answers are  Serverless Image Handler and the AWS Ops Automator.
Serverless Image Handler was developed to provide a solution to help customers dynamically process, manipulate, and optimize the handling of images on the AWS Cloud. The solution combines Amazon CloudFront for caching, AWS Lambda to dynamically retrieve images and make image modifications, and Amazon S3 bucket to store images. Additionally, the Serverless Image Handler leverages the open source image-processing suite, Thumbor, for additional image manipulation, processing, and optimization.

AWS Ops Automator solution helps you to automate manual tasks using time-based or event-based triggers to automatically such as snapshot scheduling by providing a framework for automated tasks and includes task audit trails, logging, resource selection, scaling, concurrency handling, task completion handing, and API request retries. The solution includes the following AWS services:

  • AWS CloudFormation: a templates to launches the core framework of microservices and solution generated task configurations
  • Amazon DynamoDB: a table which stores task configuration data to defines the event triggers, resources, and saves the results of the action and the errors.
  • Amazon CloudWatch Logs: provides logging to track warning and error messages
  • Amazon SNS: topic to send messages to a subscribed email address to which to send the logging information from the solution

Have fun exploring and coding.

– Tara

AWS Online Tech Talks – November 2017

Post Syndicated from Sara Rodas original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/aws-online-tech-talks-november-2017/

Leaves are crunching under my boots, Halloween is tomorrow, and pumpkin is having its annual moment in the sun – it’s fall everybody! And just in time to celebrate, we have whipped up a fresh batch of pumpkin spice Tech Talks. Grab your planner (Outlook calendar) and pencil these puppies in. This month we are covering re:Invent, serverless, and everything in between.

November 2017 – Schedule

Noted below are the upcoming scheduled live, online technical sessions being held during the month of November. Make sure to register ahead of time so you won’t miss out on these free talks conducted by AWS subject matter experts.

Webinars featured this month are:

Monday, November 6

Compute

9:00 – 9:40 AM PDT: Set it and Forget it: Auto Scaling Target Tracking Policies

Tuesday, November 7

Big Data

9:00 – 9:40 AM PDT: Real-time Application Monitoring with Amazon Kinesis and Amazon CloudWatch

Compute

10:30 – 11:10 AM PDT: Simplify Microsoft Windows Server Management with Amazon Lightsail

Mobile

12:00 – 12:40 PM PDT: Deep Dive on Amazon SES What’s New

Wednesday, November 8

Databases

10:30 – 11:10 AM PDT: Migrating Your Oracle Database to PostgreSQL

Compute

12:00 – 12:40 PM PDT: Run Your CI/CD Pipeline at Scale for a Fraction of the Cost

Thursday, November 9

Databases

10:30 – 11:10 AM PDT: Migrating Your Oracle Database to PostgreSQL

Containers

9:00 – 9:40 AM PDT: Managing Container Images with Amazon ECR

Big Data

12:00 – 12:40 PM PDT: Amazon Elasticsearch Service Security Deep Dive

Monday, November 13

re:Invent

10:30 – 11:10 AM PDT: AWS re:Invent 2017: Know Before You Go

5:00 – 5:40 PM PDT: AWS re:Invent 2017: Know Before You Go

Tuesday, November 14

AI

9:00 – 9:40 AM PDT: Sentiment Analysis Using Apache MXNet and Gluon

10:30 – 11:10 AM PDT: Bringing Characters to Life with Amazon Polly Text-to-Speech

IoT

12:00 – 12:40 PM PDT: Essential Capabilities of an IoT Cloud Platform

Enterprise

2:00 – 2:40 PM PDT: Everything you wanted to know about licensing Windows workloads on AWS, but were afraid to ask

Wednesday, November 15

Security & Identity

9:00 – 9:40 AM PDT: How to Integrate AWS Directory Service with Office365

Storage

10:30 – 11:10 AM PDT: Disaster Recovery Options with AWS

Hands on Lab

12:30 – 2:00 PM PDT: Hands on Lab: Windows Workloads

Thursday, November 16

Serverless

9:00 – 9:40 AM PDT: Building Serverless Websites with [email protected]

Hands on Lab

12:30 – 2:00 PM PDT: Hands on Lab: Deploy .NET Code to AWS from Visual Studio

– Sara

Amazon SES Now Supports DMARC Validation and Reporting for Incoming Email

Post Syndicated from Nic Webb original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/ses/amazon-ses-now-supports-dmarc-validation-and-reporting-for-incoming-email/

Amazon SES now adds DMARC verdicts to incoming emails, and publishes aggregate DMARC reports to domain owners. These two new features will help combat email spoofing and phishing, making the email ecosystem a safer and more secure place.

What is DMARC?

DMARC stands for Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance. The DMARC standard was designed to prevent malicious actors from sending messages that appear to be from legitimate senders. Domain owners can tell email receivers how to handle unauthenticated messages that appear to be from their domains. The DMARC standard also specifies certain reports that email senders and receivers send to each other. The cooperative nature of this reporting process helps improve the email authentication infrastructure.

How does Amazon SES Implement DMARC?

When you receive an email message through Amazon SES, the headers of that message will include a DMARC policy verdict alongside the DKIM and SPF verdicts (both of which are already present). This additional information helps you verify the authenticity of all email messages you receive.

Messages you receive through Amazon SES will contain one of the following DMARC verdicts:

  • PASS – The message passed DMARC authentication.
  • FAIL – The message failed DMARC authentication.
  • GRAY – The sending domain does not have a DMARC policy.
  • PROCESSING_FAILED – An issue occurred that prevented Amazon SES from providing a DMARC verdict.

If the DMARC verdict is FAIL, Amazon SES will also provide information about the sending domain’s DMARC settings. In this situation, you will see one of the following verdicts:

  • NONE – The owner of the sending domain requests that no specific action be taken on messages that fail DMARC authentication.
  • QUARANTINE – The owner of the sending domain requests that messages that fail DMARC authentication be treated by receivers as suspicious.
  • REJECT – The owner of the sending domain requests that messages that fail DMARC authentication be rejected.

In addition to publishing the DMARC verdict on each incoming message, Amazon SES now sends DMARC aggregate reports to domain owners. These reports help domain owners identify systemic authentication failures, and avoid potential domain spoofing attacks.

Note: Domain owners only receive aggregate information about emails that do not pass DMARC authentication. These reports, known as RUA reports, only include information about the IP addresses that send unauthenticated emails to you. These reports do not include information about legitimate email senders.

How do I configure DMARC?

As is the case with SPF and DKIM, domain owners must publish their DMARC policies as DNS records for their domains. For more information about setting up DMARC, see Complying with DMARC Using Amazon SES in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

DMARC reporting is now available in the following AWS Regions: US West (Oregon), US East (N. Virginia), and EU (Ireland). You can find more information about the dmarcVerdict and dmarcPolicy objects in the Amazon SES Developer Guide. The Developer Guide also includes a sample Lambda function that you can use to bounce incoming emails that fail DMARC authentication.

Introducing Email Templates and Bulk Sending

Post Syndicated from Brent Meyer original https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/ses/introducing-email-templates-and-bulk-sending/

The Amazon SES team is excited to announce our latest update, which includes two related features that help you send personalized emails to large groups of customers. This post discusses these features, and provides examples that you can follow to start using these features right away.

Email templates

You can use email templates to create the structure of an email that you plan to send to multiple recipients, or that you will use again in the future. Each template contains a subject line, a text part, and an HTML part. Both the subject and the email body can contain variables that are automatically replaced with values specific to each recipient. For example, you can include a {{name}} variable in the body of your email. When you send the email, you specify the value of {{name}} for each recipient. Amazon SES then automatically replaces the {{name}} variable with the recipient’s first name.

Creating a template

To create a template, you use the CreateTemplate API operation. To use this operation, pass a JSON object with four properties: a template name (TemplateName), a subject line (SubjectPart), a plain text version of the email body (TextPart), and an HTML version of the email body (HtmlPart). You can include variables in the subject line or message body by enclosing the variable names in two sets of curly braces. The following example shows the structure of this JSON object.

{
  "TemplateName": "MyTemplate",
  "SubjectPart": "Greetings, {{name}}!",
  "TextPart": "Dear {{name}},\r\nYour favorite animal is {{favoriteanimal}}.",
  "HtmlPart": "<h1>Hello {{name}}</h1><p>Your favorite animal is {{favoriteanimal}}.</p>"
}

Use this example to create your own template, and save the resulting file as mytemplate.json. You can then use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to create your template by running the following command: aws ses create-template --cli-input-json mytemplate.json

Sending an email created with a template

Now that you have created a template, you’re ready to send email that uses the template. You can use the SendTemplatedEmail API operation to send email to a single destination using a template. Like the CreateTemplate operation, this operation accepts a JSON object with four properties. For this operation, the properties are the sender’s email address (Source), the name of an existing template (Template), an object called Destination that contains the recipient addresses (and, optionally, any CC or BCC addresses) that will receive the email, and a property that refers to the values that will be replaced in the email (TemplateData). The following example shows the structure of the JSON object used by the SendTemplatedEmail operation.

{
  "Source": "[email protected]",
  "Template": "MyTemplate",
  "Destination": {
    "ToAddresses": [ "[email protected]" ]
  },
  "TemplateData": "{ \"name\":\"Alejandro\", \"favoriteanimal\": \"zebra\" }"
}

Customize this example to fit your needs, and then save the resulting file as myemail.json. One important note: in the TemplateData property, you must use a blackslash (\) character to escape the quotes within this object, as shown in the preceding example.

When you’re ready to send the email, run the following command: aws ses send-templated-email --cli-input-json myemail.json

Bulk email sending

In most cases, you should use email templates to send personalized emails to several customers at the same time. The SendBulkTemplatedEmail API operation helps you do that. This operation also accepts a JSON object. At a minimum, you must supply a sender email address (Source), a reference to an existing template (Template), a list of recipients in an array called Destinations (within which you specify the recipient’s email address, and the variable values for that recipient), and a list of fallback values for the variables in the template (DefaultTemplateData). The following example shows the structure of this JSON object.

{
  "Source":"[email protected]",
  "ConfigurationSetName":"ConfigSet",
  "Template":"MyTemplate",
  "Destinations":[
    {
      "Destination":{
        "ToAddresses":[
          "[email protected]"
        ]
      },
      "ReplacementTemplateData":"{ \"name\":\"Anaya\", \"favoriteanimal\":\"yak\" }"
    },
    {
      "Destination":{ 
        "ToAddresses":[
          "[email protected]"
        ]
      },
      "ReplacementTemplateData":"{ \"name\":\"Liu\", \"favoriteanimal\":\"water buffalo\" }"
    },
    {
      "Destination":{
        "ToAddresses":[
          "[email protected]"
        ]
      },
      "ReplacementTemplateData":"{ \"name\":\"Shirley\", \"favoriteanimal\":\"vulture\" }"
    },
    {
      "Destination":{
        "ToAddresses":[
          "[email protected]"
        ]
      },
      "ReplacementTemplateData":"{}"
    }
  ],
  "DefaultTemplateData":"{ \"name\":\"friend\", \"favoriteanimal\":\"unknown\" }"
}

This example sends unique emails to Anaya ([email protected]), Liu ([email protected]), Shirley ([email protected]), and a fourth recipient ([email protected]), whose name and favorite animal we didn’t specify. Anaya, Liu, and Shirley will see their names in place of the {{name}} tag in the template (which, in this example, is present in both the subject line and message body), as well as their favorite animals in place of the {{favoriteanimal}} tag in the message body. The DefaultTemplateData property determines what happens if you do not specify the ReplacementTemplateData property for a recipient. In this case, the fourth recipient will see the word “friend” in place of the {{name}} tag, and “unknown” in place of the {{favoriteanimal}} tag.

Use the example to create your own list of recipients, and save the resulting file as mybulkemail.json. When you’re ready to send the email, run the following command: aws ses send-bulk-templated-email --cli-input-json mybulkemail.json

Other considerations

There are a few limits and other considerations when using these features:

  • You can create up to 10,000 email templates per Amazon SES account.
  • Each template can be up to 10 MB in size.
  • You can include an unlimited number of replacement variables in each template.
  • You can send email to up to 50 destinations in each call to the SendBulkTemplatedEmail operation. A destination includes a list of recipients, as well as CC and BCC recipients. Note that the number of destinations you can contact in a single call to the API may be limited by your account’s maximum sending rate. For more information, see Managing Your Amazon SES Sending Limits in the Amazon SES Developer Guide.

We look forward to seeing the amazing things you create with these new features. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on this post, or let us know in the Amazon SES forum.